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Techniques for Detecting Grass Tolerance to Sethoxydim and Fenoxaprop-Ethyl Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Joanna Hubbard  and
Ted Whitwell
Joanna Hubbard
Affiliation:
Dep. Hortic., Clemson Univ. Clemson, SC 29634
Ted Whitwell
Affiliation:
Dep. Hortic., Clemson Univ. Clemson, SC 29634
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Abstract

Measurements of net photosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence and solute leakage were evaluated as techniques for rapid detection of grass tolerance to fenoxaprop-ethyl and sethoxydim. Net photosynthesis measured as net CO2 uptake of the youngest fully expanded leaf of Calamagrostis arundinacea ‘Karl Foerster’ (Feather Reed Grass) detected tolerance to fenoxaprop-ethyl and susceptibility to sethoxydim 4 days after treatment and prior to the observation of visual injury. Sethoxydim reduced photosynthesis compared to untreated controls but fenoxaprop-ethyl did not. Measurements of older leaf (second most recently fully expanded leaf) photosynthesis were less consistent than those of the younger leaf. Chlorophyll a fluorescence of Calamagrostis leaf segments following treatment with fenoxaprop-ethyl and sethoxydim was ineffective for detecting grass tolerance. Solute leakage from leaf discs treated with 50 to 500 μg ml−1 fenoxaprop–ethyl and 10 to 100 μg ml−1 sethoxydim indicated differential tolerance of Calamagrostis and johnsongrass to fenoxaprop–ethyl and centipedegrass and johnsongrass to sethoxydim. Fenoxaprop–ethyl increased solute leakage from susceptible johnsongrass at 100 μg ml−1 while the 500 μg ml−1 concentration was required to cause substantial solute leakage from tolerant Calamagrostis. Sethoxydim caused greater leakage from johnsongrass than from centipedegrass at 50 and 100 μg ml−1. The best potential rapid screening technique was solute leakage measurements.

Keywords

Fenoxaprop–ethyl, (+)–ethyl 2–{4–[(6–chloro–2–benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy} propanoic acidsethoxydim, 2–[1–(ethoxyimino)butyl]–5–[2–(ethylthio)propyl]–3–hydroxy–2–cyclohexen–1–oneFeather reed grass, Calamagrostis arundinacea Roth. ‘Karl Foerster’centipedegrass, Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hackjohnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. # SORHAPhotosynthesischlorophyll a fluorescencesolute leakage
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 39 , Issue 4 , December 1991 , pp. 548 - 552
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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