Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T06:47:58.219Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Time of Emergence of Eight Weed Species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Alex G. Ogg Jr.  and
Jean H. Dawson
Alex G. Ogg Jr.
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Irrigated Agric. Res. and Ext. Ctr., Prosser, WA 99350
Jean H. Dawson
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Irrigated Agric. Res. and Ext. Ctr., Prosser, WA 99350
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Under irrigated field conditions at Prosser, WA, Russian thistle [Salsola kali (L.) var. tenuifolia Tausch. ♯3 SASKR] began to emerge by mid-March each year and usually had completed its emergence by May 1. Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L. ♯ CHEAL) was the next to appear, usually during the third or fourth week of March. Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ♯ ECHCG], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L. ♯ AMARE), hairy nightshade (Solarium sarrachoides Sendt. ♯ SOLSA), black nightshade (5. nigrum L. ♯ SOLNI), eastern black nightshade (S. ptycanthum Dun.), and cutleaf nightshade (S. triflorum Nutt. ♯ SOLTR) generally began to emerge during the first 2 weeks of April and emergence generally peaked mid-April to mid-May. Russian thistle and cutleaf nightshade had the most restricted emergence patterns, whereas seedlings of common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, hairy nightshade, and black nightshade emerged each month from April through September. Shallow tillage at monthly intervals increased the overall emergence of common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed, black nightshade, and eastern black nightshade; decreased the emergence of barnyardgrass; and had no effect on the emergence of Russian thistle, cutleaf nightshade, or hairy nightshade.

Keywords

Amaranthus retroflexusChenopodium albumEchinochloa crus-galliSalsola kali var. tenuifoliaSolanum nigrumSolanum ptycanthumSolanum sarrachoidesSolanum triflorumtillage effectAMARECHEALECHCGSASKRSOLNISOLSASOLTR
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 32 , Issue 3 , May 1984 , pp. 327 - 335
Copyright
Copyright © 1984 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Barton, L. V. 1962. The germination of weed seeds. Weeds 10:174–182.Google Scholar
2. Becker, R. L. and Staniforth, D. W. 1979. Effects of soil disturbance on weed seedling establishment. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 34:43.Google Scholar
3. Brenchley, W. E. and Warington, K. 1930. The weed seed population of arable soil. I. Numerical estimation of viable seeds and observations on their natural dormancy. J. Ecol. 18:235–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Brenchley, W. E. and Warington, K. 1933. The weed seed population of arable soil. II. Influence of crop, soil, and method of cultivation upon the relative abundance of viable seeds. J. Ecol. 21:103–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Chancellor, R. J. 1964. Emergence of weed seedlings in the field and the effects of different frequencies of cultivation. Proc. 7th Br. Weed Control Conf. pp. 599–606.Google Scholar
6. Chepil, W. S. 1946. Germination of weed seeds. I. Longevity, periodicity of germination, and vitality of seeds in cultivated soil. Sci. Agric. 26:307–346.Google Scholar
7. Chepil, W. S. 1946. Germination of weed seeds. II. The influence of tillage treatments on germination. Sci. Agric. 26:347–357.Google Scholar
8. Dawson, J. H. 1964. Competition between irrigated field beans and annual weeds. Weeds 12:206–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Dawson, J. H. 1965. Competition between irrigated sugar beets and annual weeds. Weeds 15:245–249.Google Scholar
10. Dawson, J. H. and Bruns, V. F. 1962. Emergence of barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and yellow foxtail seedlings from various soil depths. Weeds 10:136–139.Google Scholar
11. Evans, R. A. and Young, J. A. 1982. Russian thistle and barbwire Russian thistle seed and seed-bed ecology. U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Agric. Res. Results ARR-25, 40 pp.Google Scholar
12. Henson, I. E. 1970. The effects of light, potassium nitrate and temperature on the germination of Chenopodium album L. Weed Res. 10:27–39.Google Scholar
13. Keeley, P. E. and Thullen, R. J. 1983. Influence of planting date on growth of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum). Weed Sci. 31:180–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. King, L. J. 1966. Weeds of the world: Biology and control. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York. 526 pp.Google Scholar
15. Mann, H. H. 1939. The weed herbage of a slightly acid arable soil. J. Ecol. 27:89–113.Google Scholar
16. Martin, J. N. 1943. Germination studies of the seeds of some common weeds. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 50:221–228.Google Scholar
17. Ogg, A. G. Jr., and Drake, S. 1979. Effects of herbicides on weeds and sweetcorn (Zea mays) grown on coarse-textured soils. Weed Sci. 27:608–611.Google Scholar
18. Ogg, A. G. Jr., Rogers, B. S., and Schilling, E. E. 1981. Characterization of black nightshade (Solarium nigrum) and related species in the United States. Weed Sci. 29:27–32.Google Scholar
19. Pollard, F. and Cussans, G. W. 1981. The influence of tillage on the weed flora in a succession of winter cereal crops on a sandy loam soil. Weed Res. 21:185–190.Google Scholar
20. Roberts, H. A. 1958. Studies on the weeds of vegetable crops. I. Initial effects of cropping on the weed seeds in the soil. J. Ecol. 46:759–768.Google Scholar
21. Roberts, H. A. 1964. Emergence and longevity in cultivated soil of seeds of some annual weeds. Weed Res. 4:296–307.Google Scholar
22. Roberts, H. A. and Feast, P. M. 1970. Seasonal distribution of emergence in some annual weeds. Exp. Hortic. 21:36–41.Google Scholar
23. Roberts, H. A. and Feast, P. M. 1972. Fate of seeds of some annual weeds in different depths of cultivated and undisturbed soil. Weed Res. 12:316–324.Google Scholar
24. Roberts, H. A. and Feast, P. M. 1973. Emergence and longevity of seeds of annual weeds in cultivated and undisturbed soil. J. Appl. Ecol. 10:133–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Roberts, H. A. and Lockett, P. M. 1978. Seed dormancy and field emergence in Solanum nigrum L. Weed Res. 18:231–241.Google Scholar
26. Roberts, H. A. and Potter, M. E. 1980. Emergence patterns of weed seedlings in relation to cultivation and rainfall. Weed Res. 20:377–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27. Stoller, E. W. and Wax, L. M. 1973. Periodicity of germination and emergence of some annual weeds. Weed Sci. 21:574–580.Google Scholar
28. Taylorson, R. B. 1970. Changes in dormancy and viability of weed seed in soils. Weed Sci. 18:265–269.Google Scholar
29. Wesson, G. and Wareing, P. F. 1967. Light requirements of buried seed. Nature (London) 213:600–601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Williams, J. T. 1963. Biological flora of the British Isles. Chenopodium album L. J. Ecol. 51:711–725.Google Scholar