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Transcriptomics of host-specific interactions in natural populations of the parasitic plant purple witchweed (Striga hermonthica)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2019

Lua Lopez Open the ORCID record for Lua Lopez [Opens in a new window] ,
Emily S. Bellis ,
Eric Wafula ,
Sarah J. Hearne ,
Loren Honaas ,
Paula E. Ralph ,
Michael P. Timko ,
Nnanna Unachukwu ,
Claude W. dePamphilis  and
Jesse R. Lasky
Lua Lopez*
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Research Assistant Professor, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
Emily S. Bellis
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Fellow, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Eric Wafula
Affiliation:
Bioinformatics Programmer, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Sarah J. Hearne
Affiliation:
Research Scientist, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria Principal Research Scientist, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Texcoco, Mexico
Loren Honaas
Affiliation:
Research Molecular Biologist, Physiology and Pathology of Tree Fruits Research, USDA-ARS, Wenatchee, WA, USA
Paula E. Ralph
Affiliation:
Lab Manager, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Michael P. Timko
Affiliation:
Professor, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Nnanna Unachukwu
Affiliation:
Senior Research Supervisor, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
Claude W. dePamphilis
Affiliation:
Professor, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
Jesse R. Lasky
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Lua Lopez, Email: lopezperez.lua@gmail.com
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Abstract

Host-specific interactions can maintain genetic and phenotypic diversity in parasites that attack multiple host species. Host diversity, in turn, may promote parasite diversity by selection for genetic divergence or plastic responses to host type. The parasitic weed purple witchweed [Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth.] causes devastating crop losses in sub-Saharan Africa and is capable of infesting a wide range of grass hosts. Despite some evidence for host adaptation and host-by-Striga genotype interactions, little is known about intraspecific Striga genomic diversity. Here we present a study of transcriptomic diversity in populations of S. hermonthica growing on different hosts (maize [Zea mays L.] vs. grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]). We examined gene expression variation and differences in allelic frequency in expressed genes of aboveground tissues from populations in western Nigeria parasitizing each host. Despite low levels of host-based genome-wide differentiation, we identified a set of parasite transcripts specifically associated with each host. Parasite genes in several different functional categories implicated as important in host–parasite interactions differed in expression level and allele on different hosts, including genes involved in nutrient transport, defense and pathogenesis, and plant hormone response. Overall, we provide a set of candidate transcripts that demonstrate host-specific interactions in vegetative tissues of the emerged parasite S. hermonthica. Our study shows how signals of host-specific processes can be detected aboveground, expanding the focus of host–parasite interactions beyond the haustorial connection.

Keywords

Allele frequencygene expressionhost–parasite interactionsparasitic plantRNAseq
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 67 , Issue 4 , July 2019 , pp. 397 - 411
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Sara Martin, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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