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Validation of a Management Program Based on A Weed Cover Threshold Model: Effects on Herbicide Use and Weed Populations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Marie-Josée Simard ,
Bernard Panneton ,
Louis Longchamps ,
Claudel Lemieux ,
Anne Légère  and
Gilles D. Leroux
Marie-Josée Simard*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, 2560 Boul. Hochelaga, QC G1V 2J3, Canada
Bernard Panneton
Affiliation:
AAFC, Horticulture Research and Development Centre, 430 Gouin Boulevard, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6, Canada
Louis Longchamps
Affiliation:
Département de phytologie, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
Claudel Lemieux
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, 2560 Boul. Hochelaga, QC G1V 2J3, Canada
Anne Légère
Affiliation:
AAFC, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
Gilles D. Leroux
Affiliation:
Département de phytologie, Université Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: simardmj@agr.gc.ca © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
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Abstract

Weed management decisions based on weed threshold models offer the opportunity to reduce herbicide use by allowing the possibility of forgoing treatment or lowering rates. Weed thresholds based on a relative leaf-cover model were tested during a 4-yr period at two locations. Two 1.62-ha fields, planted to conventional and glyphosate-resistant corn (2004, 2005, 2007) or soybean (2006), were divided in 900 m2 sections. Herbicides were applied postemergence to each of these sections with either variable rates based on weed thresholds, or constant full rates. Variable herbicide rates included: no application, half rate, or full rate. Relative weed cover values of 0.2 and 0.4 (corn) or 0.1 and 0.3 (soybean) served as thresholds for incremental rates. Digital images were used to evaluate the relative weed cover. Weed density was assessed before and after herbicide application. Weed seed production was estimated for two species in 2004 and 2005. No difference in crop yield, relative weed cover, weed density, or weed seed production was observed between conventional and glyphosate-resistant cropping systems. During the first year, herbicide use reduction was obtained (−85.4%) with marginal crop yield loss (5 to 15%). In the subsequent 3 yr, preherbicide weed densities increased and concomitant increases in relative weed cover values did not allow more than a 10% overall reduction in herbicide use. This threshold model designed to maintain crop yields within a given year did not allow significant reduction in herbicide use during the following 3 yr. Residual weed populations most likely replenished the seed bank to levels that allowed weed densities to increase afterward. Increased weed density over time in plots treated with full rates of herbicide every year also indicated that a single postemergence herbicide treatment was not sufficient to contain weed populations at low levels every year in this corn–soybean rotation.

Keywords

Glyphosatecorn, Zea mays L.soybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrDecision support systemimage analysiscrop yield losssite-specific weed managementresidual weed population
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 57 , Issue 2 , April 2009 , pp. 187 - 193
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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