Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T01:44:05.490Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Weed Seedbank Response to Tillage, Herbicides, and Crop Rotation Sequence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Daniel A. Ball
Daniel A. Ball*
Affiliation:
Oregon State Univ., Columbia Basin Agric. Res. Ctr., P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, OR 97801
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Changes in the weed seedbank due to crop production practices are an important determinant of subsequent weed problems. Research was conducted to evaluate effects of primary tillage (moldboard plowing and chisel plowing), secondary tillage (row cultivation), and herbicides on weed species changes in the soil seedbank in three irrigated row crop rotational sequences over a 3-yr period. The cropping sequences consisted of continuous corn for 3 yr, continuous pinto beans for 3 yr, or sugarbeets for 2 yr followed by corn in the third year. Cropping sequence was the most dominant factor influencing species composition in the seedbank. This was partly due to herbicide use in each cropping sequence producing a shift in the weed seedbank in favor of species less susceptible to applied herbicides. A comparison between moldboard and chisel plowing indicated that weed seed of predominant species were more prevalent near the soil surface after chisel plowing. The number of predominant annual weed seed over the 3-yr period increased more rapidly in the seedbank after chisel plowing compared to moldboard plowing unless effective weed control could be maintained to produce a decline in seedbank number. In this case, seedbank decline was generally more rapid after moldboard plowing. Row cultivation generally reduced seedbanks of most species compared to uncultivated plots in the pinto bean and sugarbeet sequences. A simple model was developed to validate the observation that rate of change in the weed seedbank is influenced by type of tillage and weed control effectiveness.

Keywords

Corn, Zea mays L.pinto beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L.sugarbeets, Beta vulgaris L.Weed shiftsreduced tillageconservation tillagepopulation dynamicsmodelingKCHSCAMARECHEALSOLSASETVIERACN
Type
Special Topics
Information
Weed Science , Volume 40 , Issue 4 , December 1992 , pp. 654 - 659
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Ball, D. A. 1987. Influence of tillage and herbicides on row crop weed species composition. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. Wyoming. Laramie, WY. 157 pp.Google Scholar
2. Ball, D. A. and Miller, S. D. 1989. A comparison of techniques for estimation of arable soil seed banks and relationship to weed flora. Weed Res. 29:365–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Ball, D. A. and Miller, S. D. 1990. Weed seed population response to tillage, and herbicide use in three irrigated cropping sequences. Weed Sci. 38:511–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Bazzaz, F. A. 1983. Characteristics of populations in relation to disturbance in natural and man-modified ecosystems. Pages 259–275 in Mooney, H. A. and Gordon, M., eds., Disturbance and Ecosystems, Components of Response. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Burnside, O. C. 1978. Mechanical, cultural and chemical control of weeds in a sorghum-soybean rotation. Weed Sci. 26:362–369.Google Scholar
6. Burnside, O. C., Moomaw, R. S., Roeth, F. W., Wicks, G. A., and Wilson, R. G. 1986. Weed seed demise in soil in weed-free corn production across Nebraska. Weed Sci. 34:248–251.Google Scholar
7. Cardina, J., Regnier, E., and Harrison, K. 1991. Long-term effects on seed banks in three Ohio soils. Weed Sci. 39:186–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Chepil, W. S. 1946. Germination of weed seeds II. The influence of tillage treatments on germination. Sci. Agric. 26:347–357.Google Scholar
9. Donaghy, D. I. and Stobbe, E. H. 1972. Weed population response to zero-tillage. Proc. North. Cent. Weed Control Conf. 27:41.Google Scholar
10. Fay, P. K. and Olson, W. A. 1978. Technique for separating weed seed from soil. Weed Sci. 26:530–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Froud-Williams, R. J., Chancellor, R. J., and Drennan, D.S.H. 1983. Influence of cultivation regime upon buried weed seeds in arable cropping systems. J. Appl. Ecol. 20:199–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Fryer, J. D. and Chancellor, R. J. 1970. Evidence of changing weed populations in arable land. Page 958–964 in Proc. 10th Br. Weed Control Conf. Google Scholar
13. Harper, J. L. 1977. The seed bank. Page 83–110 in Population Biology of Plants. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
14. Hume, L., Tessier, S., and Dyck, F. B. 1991. Tillage and rotation influences on weed community composition in wheat in southwestern Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71:783–789.Google Scholar
15. Johnson, C. W. and Coble, H. D. 1986. Crop rotation and herbicide effects on the population dynamics of two annual grasses. Weed Sci. 34:452–456.Google Scholar
16. Miller, S. D. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1985. Weed spectrum change and control in reduced-till wheat. Page 11–14 in North Dakota Farm Res. Google Scholar
17. Miller, S. D., Nalewaja, J. D., and Gillespie, G. 1985. Wild oats seed longevity and production. Page 15–18 in North Dakota Farm Res. Google Scholar
18. Pollard, F. and Cussans, G. W. 1977. The influence of tillage on the weed flora of four sites sown to successive crops of spring barley. Page 1019–1028 in Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf.—Weeds. 1976.Google Scholar
19. Pollard, F. and Cussans, G. W. 1981. The influence of tillage on the weed flora in a succession of winter cereal crops on a sandy loam soil. Weed Res. 21:185–190.Google Scholar
20. Radosevich, S. R. and Holt, J. S. 1984. Pages 86–89 in Weed Ecology: Implications for Vegetation Management. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
21. Reiners, W. A. 1983. Disturbance and basic properties of ecosystem energetics. Pages 83–98 in Mooney, H. A. and Godron, M., eds. Disturbance and Ecosystems, Components of Response. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
22. Roberts, H. A. 1963. Studies on the weeds of vegetable crops. III. Effects of different primary cultivations on the weed seeds in the soil. J. Ecol. 51:83–95.Google Scholar
23. Roberts, H. A. 1964. Emergence and longevity in cultivated soil of seeds of some annual weeds. Weed Res. 4:296–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24. Roberts, H. A. and Dawkins, P. A. 1967. Effect of cultivation on the numbers of viable weed seeds in soil. Weed Res. 7:290–301.Google Scholar
25. Roberts, H. A. 1981. Seed banks in soils. Adv. Appl. Biol. 6:1–55.Google Scholar
26. Roberts, H. A. and Neilson, J. E. 1981. Changes in the soil seed bank of four long-term crop/herbicide experiments. J. Appl. Ecol. 18:661–668.Google Scholar
27. Sagar, G. R. and Mortimer, A. M. 1976. An approach to the study of the population dynamics of plants with special reference to weeds. Appl. Biol. 1:1–47.Google Scholar
28. Schweizer, E. E. and Zimdahl, R. L. 1984. Weed seed decline in irrigated soil after six years of continuous corn and herbicides. Weed Sci. 32:76–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29. Slife, F. W. 1976. Pest ecosystem models, other important ecosystems—weed populations. Page 193–195 in Modeling for Pest Management: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications. U.S.A./USSR. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.Google Scholar
30. Triplett, G. B. and Lytle, G. D. 1972. Control and ecology of weeds in continuous corn grown without tillage. Weed Sci. 20:453–457.Google Scholar
31. Vogl, R. J. 1980. The ecological factors that produce perturbation-dependent ecosystems. Pages 63–94 in Cairns, J., ed. Recovery Process in Damaged Ecosystems. Ann Arbor Sci. Publ., Ann Arbor, MI.Google Scholar
32. Wicks, G. A. and Somerhalder, B. R. 1971. Effects of seedbed preparation for corn on distribution of weed seed. Weed Sci. 19:666–668.Google Scholar
33. Wilson, B. J. 1972. Studies of the fate of Avena fatua seeds on cereal stubble, as influenced by autumn treatment. Page 242–247 in Proc. 11th Br. Weed Control Conf. Google Scholar
34. Wrucke, M. A. and Arnold, W. E. 1985. Weed species distribution as influenced by tillage and herbicides. Weed Sci. 33:853–856.Google Scholar
35. Young, J. A. and Evans, R. A. 1976. Responses of weed populations to human manipulations of the natural environment. Weed Sci. 24:186–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36. Zorner, P. S., Zimdahl, R. L., and Schweizer, E. E. 1984. Effect of depth and duration of seed burial on kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Sci. 32:602–607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar