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Consultant Perspectives on Weed Management Needs in Midsouthern United States Cotton: A Follow-Up Survey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Dilpreet S. Riar ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Lawrence E. Steckel ,
Daniel O. Stephenson IV  and
Jason A. Bond
Dilpreet S. Riar*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Lawrence E. Steckel
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 605 Airways Boulevard, Jackson, TN 38301
Daniel O. Stephenson IV
Affiliation:
Dean Lee Research Station, LSU AgCenter, 8105 Tom Bowman Drive, Alexandria, LA 71302
Jason A. Bond
Affiliation:
Delta Research and Extension Center, 82 Stoneville Road, Stoneville, MS 38776
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: driar@uark.edu.
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Abstract

A survey questionnaire was sent to cotton consultants of Arkansas and Mississippi through direct mail and Louisiana and Tennessee consultants through on-farm visits in fall of 2011. The survey was returned by a total of 22 Arkansas, 17 Louisiana, 10 Mississippi, and 11 Tennessee cotton consultants, representing 26, 53, 13, and 38% of total cotton planted in these states in 2011, respectively. Collectively, the area planted to glyphosate-resistant (Roundup Ready®, RR) cotton was 97%, glyphosate plus glufosinate-resistant (Widestrike® Flex, WRF) cotton was 30%, and glufosinate-resistant (Liberty Link, LL) cotton was 2.6% of the total cotton surveyed in 2011. Seventy percent of area in all states is still under continuous RR/WRF cotton. Average cost of herbicides in RR systems was $114 ha−1 and in LL systems was $137 ha−1. Across the states, cotton planted under no-tillage, conservation tillage, and conventional tillage was 31, 36, and 33%, respectively, of total scouted cotton. Area under conventional tillage increased and conservation tillage decreased in Arkansas compared with a previous survey conducted in 2006. Palmer amaranth, morningglories, and horseweed in the order of listing were the most problematic weeds of cotton across Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee. In Louisiana, however, morningglories were the most problematic weed followed by Palmer amaranth and common waterhemp. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth infested only 13% of scouted cotton area in Louisiana compared with 75% in the remaining three states, and consequently, hand-weeding to control GR Palmer amaranth is practiced on only 2.5% of total scouted area of Louisiana and 49% of the scouted area of the remaining three states. Hand-weeding added an additional $12 to 371 ha−1 to weed-management costs. One-half (50%) of the cotton consultants emphasized the need for more research on residual herbicides that can control GR Palmer amaranth effectively.

Se envió una encuesta a consultores en producción de algodón de Arkansas y Mississippi mediante correo directo y de Louisiana y Tennessee mediante visitas en finca en el otoño 2011. La encuesta fue completada y devuelta por 22 consultores de Arkansas, 17 de Louisiana, 10 de Mississippi, y 11 de Tennessee, lo que representó 26, 56, 13, y 38% del total del área sembrada con algodón en estos estados en 2011, respectivamente. Colectivamente, el área sembrada con algodón resistente a glyphosate (Roundup Ready®, RR) fue 97%, resistente a glyphosate más glufosinate (Widestrike® Flex, WRF) fue 30%, y resistente a glufosinate (Liberty Link, LL) fue 2.6% del total de la muestra en 2011. El 70% del área en todos los estados está todavía bajo algodón RR/WRF continuo. El costo promedio de los herbicidas en sistemas RR fue $114 ha−1 y en sistemas LL fue $137 ha−1. Entre todos los estados, el algodón sembrado bajo labranza cero, labranza de conservación, y labranza convencional fue 31, 36, y 33%, respectivamente, del total del algodón muestreado. El área con labranza convencional incrementó y con labranza de conservación disminuyó en Arkansas al compararse con la encuesta anterior realizada en 2006. Las malezas Amaranthus palmeri, Ipomoea spp., y Conyza canadensis fueron las más problemáticas en orden de mención, en Arkansas, Mississippi, y Tennessee. En Louisiana, sin embargo, Ipomoea spp. fueron las más problemáticas seguidas por A. palmeri y Amaranthus rudis. A. palmeri resistente a glyphosate (GR) infestó solamente 13% del área de algodón evaluada en Louisiana, comparado con 75% en los otros tres estados, y consecuentemente, el control manual de A. palmeri GR fue practicado en solamente 2.5% del total del área evaluada de Louisiana y 49% del área en los otros tres estados. La deshierba manual agregó un costo adicional al manejo de malezas de $12 a 371 ha−1. La mitad (50%) de los consultores en producción de algodón hicieron énfasis en la necesidad de que haya más investigación sobre herbicidas residuales para el control efectivo de A. palmeri GR.

Keywords

Glufosinateglyphosatecommon waterhempAmaranthus rudis SauerhorseweedConyza canadensis L. CronqmorninggloriesIpomoea sppPalmer amaranthAmaranthus palmeri (S.) WatscottonGossypium hirsutum L.Glyphosate-resistant cottonresidual herbicidestillageweed management surveyweed species shift
Type
Education/Extension
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 4 , December 2013 , pp. 778 - 787
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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