Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T23:29:49.707Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cultivation and Interseeding for Weed Control in Transplanted Cabbage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Daniel C. Brainard ,
Robin R. Bellinder  and
Andrew J. Miller
Daniel C. Brainard
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Robin R. Bellinder*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Andrew J. Miller
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: rrb3@cornell.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Multiple means of overcoming interspecific competition between transplanted cabbage and interseeded cover crops were studied in field trials conducted from 1995 to 2001. Cover crop species and time of seeding (1995 and 1996), use of supplemental nitrogen (1997 and 1998), and herbicide regulation (1999 and 2001) were evaluated with the objective of integrating soil-improving cover crops into cabbage production while facilitating weed suppression with minimal use of herbicides. Cabbage was cultivated at 10, 10 + 20, or 10 + 20 + 30 d after transplanting (DAT) with or without cover crops (hairy vetch, lana vetch, or oats) sown at the time of the last cultivation. Early interseeding (10 DAT) of all species significantly reduced cabbage yields. Both vetches could be sown 20 or 30 DAT without a yield penalty. However, weed suppression was not consistently greater than cultivation without cover crops. Spring oats were unacceptably competitive, even when sown 30 DAT in some years. With additional nitrogen, cabbage yields were consistently increased, but the increases were not directly related to decreased competition from either weeds or cover crops. The potential for herbicide regulation of cover crops to prevent cabbage yield losses could not be evaluated because cabbage yields were not reduced by cover crops in 1999 and 2001. Although interseeded crops did not generally provide significant in-season weed suppression compared with cultivation alone, the lack of yield penalty and the potential soil-improving qualities of legumes may justify interseeding hairy vetch at 20 DAT in an integrated system.

Keywords

Cabbage, Brassica oleracea L.hairy vetch, Vicia villosa L.lana vetch, Vicia dasycarpa L.oats, Avena sativa L.Cover cropscultivationinterseedinginterspecific competitionliving mulchessmother cropsDAT, days after transplanting
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 18 , Issue 3 , September 2004 , pp. 704 - 710
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Altieri, F. E., Wilson, R. C., and Schmidt, L. L. 1985. The effects of living mulches and weed cover on the dynamics of foliage- and soil-arthropod communities in three crop systems. Crop Prot 4:201–213.Google Scholar
Andow, D. A., Nicholson, A. G., Wien, H. C., and Willson, H. R. 1986. Insect populations on cabbage grown with living mulches. Environ. Entomol 15:293–299.Google Scholar
Anonymous. 2000. Integrated Crop and Pest Management Guidelines for Commercial Vegetable Production. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Cooperative Extension. 309 p.Google Scholar
Ateh, C. M. and Doll, J. D. 1996. Spring-planted winter rye (Secale cereale) as a living mulch to control weeds in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 10:347–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boodley, J. W. and Shedrake, R. Jr. 1977. Cornell Peat-Lite Mixes for Commercial Plant Growing. Informational Bulletin 43. Ithaca, NY: New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University. p. 8.Google Scholar
Brainard, D. C. and Bellinder, R. R. 2001. Effect of cultivation and interseeded cover crops on weed suppression and cover crop establishment in fall kale and broccoli. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. Weeds—2001 2:321–324.Google Scholar
Brainard, D. C. and Bellinder, R. R. 2004. Weed suppression in a broccoli-winter rye intercropping system. Weed Sci. 52:281–290.Google Scholar
Brandsaeter, L. O., Netland, J., and Meadow, R. 1998. Yields, weeds, pests and soil nitrogen in a white cabbage-living mulch system. Biol. Agric. Hortic 16:291–309.Google Scholar
DeHaan, R. L., Wyse, D. L., Ehlke, N. J., Maxwell, B. D., and Putnam, D. H. 1994. Simulation of spring-seeded smother plants for weed control in corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 42:35–43.Google Scholar
Eberlein, C. V., Sheaffer, C. C., and Oliveira, V. F. 1992. Corn growth and yield in an alfalfa living mulch system. J. Prod. Agric 5:332–339.Google Scholar
Echtenkamp, G. W. and Moomaw, R. S. 1989. No-till corn production in a living mulch system. Weed Technol. 3:261–266.Google Scholar
Elkins, D., Frederking, D., Marashi, R., and McVay, B. 1983. Living mulch for no-till corn and soybeans. J. Soil Water Conserv 38:431–433.Google Scholar
Ellis, D. R., Guillard, K., and Adams, R. G. 2000. Purslane as a living mulch in broccoli production. Am. J. Altern. Agric 15:50–59.Google Scholar
Evans, S. P., Knezevic, S. Z., Lindquist, J. L., Shapiro, C. A., and Blankenship, E. E. 2003. Nitrogen application influences the critical period for weed control in corn. Weed Sci. 51:408–417.Google Scholar
Hartwig, N. L. 1987. Cropping practices using crownvetch in conservation tillage. in Power, J. F., ed. The Role of Legumes in Conservation Tillage Systems. Ankeny, IA: Soil Conservation Society of America. Pp. 109–110.Google Scholar
Horn, D. J. 1987. Vegetational background and parasitism of larval diamondback moth on collards. Entomol. Exp. Appl 87:300–303.Google Scholar
Infante, M. L. and Morse, R. D. 1996. Integration of no tillage and overseeded legume living mulches for transplanted broccoli production. Hortscience 31:376–380.Google Scholar
Kloen, H. and Altieri, M. A. 1990. Effect of mustard (Brassica hirta) as a non-crop plant on competition and insect pests in broccoli (Brassica oleracea). Crop Prot 9:90–96.Google Scholar
Kurtz, T. 1951. The importance of nitrogen and water in reducing competition between intercrops and corn. Agron. J 44:13–17.Google Scholar
Leache, G. J. and Foale, M. A. 1987. Relations between summer crops and ground cover legumes in a subtropical environment 3. Soil water use under sorghum and sunflower. Field Crops Res 16:177–191.Google Scholar
Liebman, M. 1989. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, irrigation, and crop genotype on canopy relations and yields of an intercrop/weed mixture. Field Crops Res 22:83–100.Google Scholar
Liebman, M. and Dyck, E. 1993. Crop rotation and intercropping strategies for weed management. Ecol. Appl 3:92–122.Google Scholar
Liebman, M. and Staver, C. P. 2001. Crop diversification for weed management. in Liebman, M., Mohler, C. L., and Staver, C. P., eds. Ecological Management of Agricultural Weeds. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 322–374.Google Scholar
Martinez, J. and Guiraud, G. 1990. A lysimeter study of the effects of a ryegrass catch crop, during a winter wheat/maize rotation, on nitrate leaching and the following crop. J. Soil Sci 41:5–16.Google Scholar
Masiunas, J. B., Eastburn, D. M., Mwaja, V. N., and Eastman, C. E. 1997. The impact of living and cover crop mulch systems on pests and yields of snap beans and cabbage. J. Sustain. Agric 9:61–88.Google Scholar
Muller-Scharer, H. and Potter, C. A. 1991. Cover plants in field grown vegetables: prospects and limitations. Br. Crop Prot. conf. Weeds—1991. 1: 599–604.Google Scholar
Nicholson, A. G. and Wien, H. C. 1983. Screening of turfgrasses and clovers for use as living mulches in sweet corn and cabbage. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci 108:1071–1076.Google Scholar
Olasantan, F. O. 1991. Response of tomato and okra to nitrogen fertilizer in sole cropping and intercropping with cowpea. J. Hortic. Sci 66:191–199.Google Scholar
Paine, L. K. and Harrison, H. 1993. The historical roots of living mulch and related practices. HortTechnology 3:137–142.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. T. 1995. Effects of environmental stress on weed/crop interactions. Weed Sci. 43:483–490.Google Scholar
Rajalahti, R. M., Bellinder, R. R., and Hoffmann, M. P. 1999. Time of hilling and interseeding affects weed control and potato yield. Weed Sci. 47:215–225.Google Scholar
Root, R. B. 1973. Organization of a plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea). Ecol. Monogr 43:95–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarrantonio, M. 1994. Northeast Cover Crop Handbook. Soil Health Series. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Institute. 118 p.Google Scholar
Scott, T. W., Pleasant, J. Mt, Burt, R. F., and Otis, D. J. 1987. Contributions of ground cover, dry matter, and nitrogen from intercrops and cover crops in a corn polyculture system. Agron. J 79:792–798.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. 1998. Cover crops, smother plants, and weed management. in Hatfield, J. L., Buhler, D. D., and Stewart, B. A., eds. Integrated Weed and Soil Management. Chelsea, MI: Ann Arbor Press. Pp. 247–270.Google Scholar
Weaver, S. E. 1984. Critical period of weed competition in three vegetable crops in relation to management practices. Weed Res 24:317–326.Google Scholar
Weaver, S. E., Kropff, M. J., and Groeneveld, R. M. W. 1992. Use of ecophysiological models for crop-weed interference: the critical period of weed interference. Weed Sci. 40:302–307.Google Scholar
Wiles, L. J., William, R. D., Crabtree, G. D., and Radosevich, S. R. 1989. Analyzing competition between a living mulch and a vegetable crop in an interplanting system. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci 114:1029–1034.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, S. R., Devine, O. J., Belesky, D. P., Dobson, J. W. Jr., and Dawson, R. N. 1987. No-tillage intercropped corn production in tall fescue sod as affected by sod control and nitrogen fertilization. Agron. J 79:685–690.Google Scholar