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Differential Response of Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) Tissue to POST-Applied Quinoclamine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

James E. Altland ,
Glenn Wehtje ,
Jeff Sibley ,
Michael E. Miller ,
Charles H. Gilliam  and
Charles Krause
James E. Altland*
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Wooster, OH 44691
Glenn Wehtje
Affiliation:
Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830
Jeff Sibley
Affiliation:
Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830
Michael E. Miller
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Wooster, OH 44691
Charles H. Gilliam
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Wooster, OH 44691
Charles Krause
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Wooster, OH 44691
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: james.altland@ars.usda.gov
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Abstract

Quinoclamine is used in Europe, and was under evaluation in the Unites States for the control of liverwort in nursery crops. Liverwort is a nonvascular, chlorophyll-containing plant that can be problematic in greenhouse and nursery crops. POST-applied quinoclamine controls liverwort. However, liverwort structures vary in their sensitivity to POST-applied quinoclamine. Specifically, archegonial receptacles (female) are much more tolerant of quinoclamine than either antheridial receptacles (male) or thalli (leaflike structures). A series of studies were conducted to, first, document the degree of differential sensitivity between tissues to quinoclamine, and second, to determine the basis of this differential sensitivity. The dose that results in 50% of the population being controlled (I50) of antheridial receptacles and juvenile thalli were estimated to be 1.60 and 1.27 kg·ha−1, respectively. The I50 of archegonial receptacles could not be estimated, but exceeded 10.45 kg·ha−1. Chlorophyll content varied between liverwort tissues, but the content did not correlate to quinoclamine sensitivity. Absorption of 14C after application of radiolabeled quinoclamine was less in archegonial receptacles than in either antheridial receptacles or thalli. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface of the liverwort tissues revealed that archegonial receptacles had smaller pores (equivalent to stomata in higher plants) than either antheridial receptacles or thalli. The tolerance of archegonial receptacles to quinoclamine can be partially, but not exclusively, attributed to reduced absorption. This reduced absorption may be attributed to the limited pore size and less total pore area of the archegonial receptacles.

La quinoclamina es usada en Europa y se estuvo evaluando en los Estados Unidos para el control de Marchantia polymorpha en cultivos en viveros. M. polymorpha es una planta no vascular, que contiene clorofila y que puede ser problemática en invernaderos y viveros. Las aplicaciones POST de quinoclamina controlan M. polymorpha. Sin embargo, las estructuras de esta planta varían en su sensibilidad a quinoclamina aplicada POST. Específicamente, los arquegonios (órgano reproductor femenino) son mucho más tolerantes a la quinoclamina que los anteridios (órgano reproductor masculino) o los talos (estructura compuesta con semejanza de hoja). Se realizaron una serie de estudios para poder primero, documentar el grado de sensibilidad diferencial entre tejidos al quinoclamina y segundo, para determinar las bases de esta sensibilidad diferencial. El I50 de los anteridios y talos jóvenes se estimaron en 1.60 y 1.27 kg ha−1 respectivamente. El I50 de los arquegonios no pudo ser estimado, pero excedió 10.45 kg ha−1. El contenido de clorofila varió entre los tejidos de M. polymorpha, pero el contenido no tuvo correlación con la sensibilidad a la quinoclamina. La absorción de 14C después de la aplicación de quinoclamina radioetiquetada fue menor en los arquegonios que en los anteridios o talos. El escaneo de la superficie de los tejidos de M. polymorpha con microscopio electrónico reveló que los arquegonios tuvieron poros (equivalentes a estomas en plantas superiores) más pequeños que los anteridios o talos. La tolerancia de los arquegonios a la quinoclamina, puede atribuirse parcial más no exclusivamente a una absorción reducida. Esta reducción en la absorción puede atribuirse al tamaño limitado de los poros y a una menor área total de poros en los arquegonios.

Keywords

Liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha L.quinoclamineChlorophyllBryophytaherbicide absorptionnursery cropsultrastructure
Type
Weed Management—Other Crops/Areas
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 2011 , pp. 580 - 585
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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