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Management of Pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean in the Midwest and Mid-South

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Thomas R. Butts ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Greg R. Kruger ,
Lowell D. Sandell ,
Bryan G. Young ,
Lawrence E. Steckel ,
Mark M. Loux ,
Kevin W. Bradley ,
Shawn P. Conley  and
David E. Stoltenberg
...Show all authors
Thomas R. Butts*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Greg R. Kruger
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101
Lowell D. Sandell
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 Valent U.S.A. Corporation, Lincoln, NE 68505
Bryan G. Young
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
Lawrence E. Steckel
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN 38301
Mark M. Loux
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
Kevin W. Bradley
Affiliation:
Plant Sciences Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
Shawn P. Conley
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
David E. Stoltenberg
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
Francisco J. Arriaga
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
Vince M. Davis
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 BASF Corporation, Verona, WI 53593
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: tbutts@huskers.unl.edu.
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Abstract

Pigweeds are among the most abundant and troublesome weed species across Midwest and mid-South soybean production systems because of their prolific growth characteristics and ability to rapidly evolve resistance to several herbicide sites of action. This has renewed interest in diversifying weed management strategies by implementing integrated weed management (IWM) programs to efficiently manage weeds, increase soybean light interception, and increase grain yield. Field studies were conducted across 16 site-years to determine the effectiveness of soybean row width, seeding rate, and herbicide strategy as components of IWM in glufosinate-resistant soybean. Sites were grouped according to optimum adaptation zones for soybean maturity groups (MGs). Across all MG regions, pigweed density and height at the POST herbicide timing, and end-of-season pigweed density, height, and fecundity were reduced in IWM programs using a PRE followed by (fb) POST herbicide strategy. Furthermore, a PRE fb POST herbicide strategy treatment increased soybean cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (CIPAR) and subsequently, soybean grain yield across all MG regions. Soybean row width and seeding rate manipulation effects were highly variable. Narrow row width (≤ 38 cm) and a high seeding rate (470,000 seeds ha−1) reduced end-of-season height and fecundity variably across MG regions compared with wide row width (≥ 76 cm) and moderate to low (322,000 to 173,000 seeds ha−1) seeding rates. However, narrow row widths and high seeding rates did not reduce pigweed density at the POST herbicide application timing or at soybean harvest. Across all MG regions, soybean CIPAR increased as soybean row width decreased and seeding rate increased; however, row width and seeding rate had variable effects on soybean yield. Furthermore, soybean CIPAR was not associated with end-of-season pigweed growth and fecundity. A PRE fb POST herbicide strategy was a necessary component for an IWM program as it simultaneously managed pigweeds, increased soybean CIPAR, and increased grain yield.

Las especies del género Amaranthus están entre las especies de malezas más abundantes y problemáticas en los sistemas de producción de soja en el medio oeste y el sur medio debido a sus características de crecimiento prolífico y su habilidad para evolucionar rápidamente resistencia a varios sitios de acción de herbicidas. Esto ha renovado el interés en la diversificación de estrategias de manejo de malezas implementando programas de manejo integrado de malezas (IWM) para manejar eficientemente a las malezas, que incluyan una mayor intercepción de luz por parte de la soja a la vez que se aumente el rendimiento de grano. Se realizaron estudios de campo a lo largo de 16 sitios-años para determinar la efectividad de la distancia entre hileras, densidad de siembra, y la estrategia de herbicidas, como componentes de un IWM en soja resistente a glufosinate. Los sitios fueron agrupados de acuerdo a las zonas óptimas de adaptación según los grupos de madurez (MGs) de la soja. Al promediar todas las regiones MG, la densidad y altura de Amaranthus, al momento de la aplicación POST del herbicida, y la densidad, la altura y la fecundidad de Amaranthus al final de la temporada, fueron reducidas en programas IWM que usaron una estrategia de herbicidas PRE seguidos por (fb) POST. Además, un tratamiento con una estrategia de herbicidas PRE fb POST aumentó la intercepción acumulativa de radiación fotosintéticamente activa (CIPAR) de la soja y subsecuentemente el rendimiento de grano de la soja al promediar todas las regiones MG. Los efectos de la distancia entre hileras y la densidad de siembra de la soja fueron altamente variables. Hileras angostas (≤ 38 cm) y una alta densidad de siembra (470,000 semillas ha−1) redujeron la altura y la fecundidad al final de la temporada en forma variable entre las regiones MG al compararse con hileras anchas (≥ 76 cm) y densidades de siembra de moderadas a bajas (322,000 a 173,000 semillas ha−1). Sin embargo, las hileras angostas y las altas densidades de siembra no redujeron la densidad de Amaranthus al momento de la aplicación de herbicida POST o al momento de la cosecha de la soja. Al promediar todas las regiones MG, la CIPAR de la soja aumentó al disminuir la distancia entre hileras e incrementar la densidad de siembra. Sin embargo, la distancia entre hileras y la densidad de siembra tuvieron efectos variables sobre el rendimiento de la soja. Adicionalmente, la CIPAR de la soja no estuvo asociada con el crecimiento ni la fecundidad de Amaranthus al final de la temporada. Una estrategia que use herbicidas PRE fb POST fue un componente necesario para que el programa IWM simultáneamente manejara malezas Amaranthus e incrementara la CIPAR de la soja y su rendimiento de grano.

Keywords

Glufosinatepigweed, Amaranthus spp.soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.Cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiationcultural weed controldigital imagery analysisglufosinate-resistant soybeanintegrated weed managementPRE herbicides
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , June 2016 , pp. 355 - 365
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101.

Associate Editor for this paper: Mark VanGessel, University of Delaware.

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