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Managing Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Populations Utilizing Herbicide Strategies and Crop Rotation Sequences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Leon S. Warren Jr.  and
Harold D. Coble
Leon S. Warren Jr.*
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
Harold D. Coble
Affiliation:
Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620
*
Corresponding author: L. S. Warren, Jr.
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Abstract

Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina from 1994 through 1998 to evaluate the effects of five weed management strategies and four corn (Zea mays)–peanut (Arachis hypogaea) rotation sequences on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) population development. Effects of these weed management programs on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and peanut production in following years were also investigated. Herbicide programs included a nontreated control, a carbamothioate preplant incorporated (PPI) combination treatment utilizing vernolate in peanut and butylate in corn, an early postemergence (EPOST) acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor combination treatment utilizing imazapic in peanut and halosulfuron in corn, and EPOST treatments of imazapic and imazethapyr in both peanut and imidazolinone-resistant corn. Crop rotation sequences for the 3 yr included continuous corn (CCC), corn–peanut–corn (CPC), peanut–corn–peanut (PCP), and continuous peanut (PPP). The imazapic and ALS inhibitor combination treatments both provided excellent shoot and tuber control. After 3 yr, imazapic and the ALS inhibitor combination treatment reduced shoot and tuber population densities to less than 10% of the nontreated control. Imazethapyr provided variable but better control than the carbamothioate treatment with tuber densities (measured from 0 to 15 cm soil depth) and shoot densities increasing from 733 to 2,901 tubers/m3 of soil and 16 to 43 shoots/m2, respectively, after 3 yr. Tuber densities increased in the nontreated control from 626 to 9,145 tubers/m3 of soil and from 962 to 5,466 tubers/m3 of soil in the carbamothioate treatment during this same period. Also, shoot densities increased in the nontreated control from 22 to 159 shoots/m2 and from 8 to 92 shoots/m2 in the carbamothioate treatment. There was a 31% peanut yield reduction from 1994 to 1996 when peanut was continuously planted or rotated to corn for only 1 yr. Herbicide carryover effects were not observed in cotton during 1997.

Keywords

Butylate, S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl)carbamothioatehalosulfuron, methyl 5-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino] carbonylaminosulfonyl]-3-chloro-1-methyl-1-H-pyrazole-4-carboxylateimazapic, (±)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acidimazethapyr, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acidvernolate, S-propyl dipropylcarbamothioatepurple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L. # CYPROcorn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 3245’ ‘Pioneer 3245IR’cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Suregrow 125’peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. ‘NC 10.’ALS inhibitorscorncottonherbicide carryoverherbicide-tolerant cropsNorth CarolinapeanutALS, acetolactate synthaseCBR, Cylindrocladium black rotCCC, corn–corn–cornCPC, corn–peanut–cornEPOST, early postemergenceGC, ground crackPCP, peanut–corn–peanutPOST, postemergencePPI, preplant incorporatedPPP, peanut–peanut–peanutPRE, preemergence
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 13 , Issue 3 , September 1999 , pp. 494 - 503
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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