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Predicting Decreases in Canola (Brassica napus and B. rapa) Oil and Meal Quality Caused by Contamination by Brassicaceae Weed Seeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Jim B. Davis ,
Jack Brown ,
Jeffrey S. Brennan  and
Donn C. Thill
Jim B. Davis*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Jack Brown
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Jeffrey S. Brennan
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Donn C. Thill
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jdavis@uidaho.edu.
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Abstract

Canola (edible rapeseed) crops are often infested by related weed species. This paper addresses effects that seeds from various Brassicaceae weeds may have on canola oil and meal quality. Seeds of common Brassicaceae weeds were collected from canola fields throughout northern Idaho. These were wild mustard, black mustard, birdsrape mustard, shepherd's-purse, flixweed, tumble mustard, and field pennycress. Collected seeds were physically described by weight, size, and shape and were analyzed for oil concentration, fatty acid composition, and glucosinolate concentration. Seed weights ranged from 0.1 to 2 g/1,000 seed. Oil concentration in the weed seeds ranged from 25 to 38%, with erucic acid levels ranging from less than 1 to 47%. Glucosinolate concentration in the mustard weed seeds was over 100 μmol/g oil-free meal, except for shepherd's-purse, which had only 3.4 μmol/g. Using these data, a simple model predicts that both canola oil and seed meal quality can be adversely affected by contamination with weed seeds. Increased erucic acid concentration in modeled admixtures was the most likely oil quality problem associated with weed seed contamination. Glucosinolate concentration in modeled admixtures was higher than acceptable only in those admixtures that also had erucic acid levels that exceeded canola quality standards. Canola-quality oil and seed meal can be maintained with conspicuous weed seed mixtures up to the 2% maximum allowed in U.S. No. 1 canola. However, canola-quality oil and seed meal was not achieved when a 5% weed seed mixture allowed in No. 2 canola was evaluated with the model.

Keywords

Birdsrape mustard, B. rapa L. #BRSRAblack mustard, B. nigra (L.) W.J.D. Koch # BRSNIflixweed, Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. ex Prantl # DESSOfield pennycress, Thlaspi arvense L. # THLARshepherd's-purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. # CAPBPtumble mustard, Sysimbrium altissimum L. # SSYALwild mustard, Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler # SINARrapeseed, Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L.Canolarapeseed erucic acidlinolenic acidglucosinolatecrop grading
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 13 , Issue 2 , June 1999 , pp. 239 - 243
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

1

Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station Publication 98702.

Current address of third author. Technical Service Representative, American Cyanamid Co., Agricultural Group, PO. Box 193, Belgrade, MT 59714.

References

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