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Weed Community Response to Crop Rotations in Western South Dakota

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Randy L. Anderson ,
Clair E. Stymiest ,
Bruce A. Swan  and
John R. Rickertsen
Randy L. Anderson*
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, 2923 Medary Avenue, Brookings, SD 57006
Clair E. Stymiest
Affiliation:
South Dakota State University, West River Agricultural Center, 1905 Plaza Boulevard, Rapid City, SD 57702
Bruce A. Swan
Affiliation:
South Dakota State University, West River Agricultural Center, 1905 Plaza Boulevard, Rapid City, SD 57702
John R. Rickertsen
Affiliation:
South Dakota State University, West River Agricultural Center, 1905 Plaza Boulevard, Rapid City, SD 57702
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: randerson@ngirl.ars.usda.gov
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Abstract

Producers in the semiarid Great Plains are exploring alternative crop rotations, with the goal of replacing winter wheat–fallow. In 1993, a study was established to compare performance of eight rotations comprised of various combinations with winter wheat (W), spring wheat (SW), dry pea (Pea), safflower (Saf), corn (C), sunflower (Sun), proso millet (M), or fallow (F). After 8 years, we characterized weed communities by recording seedling emergence in each rotation. Seventeen species were observed, with downy brome, kochia, horseweed, and stinkgrass comprising 87% of the community. Rotations with the least number of weed seedlings were W–F and SW–W–C–Sun; in comparison, weed density was six-fold higher in W–M. Density of downy brome and kochia was highest in W–M compared with other rotations, whereas stinkgrass and green foxtail were prominent in proso millet of the W–M and W–C–M rotations. Horseweed established readily in safflower and dry pea. In the semiarid Great Plains, designing rotations in a cycle of four that includes cool- and warm-season crops can be a key component of integrated weed management.

Keywords

Downy brome, Bromus tectorum L. BROTEgreen foxtail, Setaria viridis L. SETVIhorseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., ERICAkochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. KCHSCstinkgrass, Eragrostis cilinensis (All.) E. Mosher ERACNcorn, Zea mays L.dry pea, Pisum sativum L.proso millet, Panicum miliaceum L.safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L.sunflower, Helianthus annuus L.wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Crop diversityrotation designBROTEERACNERICAKCHSCSETVI
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , March 2007 , pp. 131 - 135
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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