Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T05:11:57.603Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Agronomic Practices Influencing Triazine-Resistant Weed Distribution in Ontario

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Gerald R. Stephenson ,
Marilyn D. Dykstra ,
R. Douglas McLaren  and
Allan S. Hamill
Gerald R. Stephenson
Affiliation:
Dep. Environ. Biol, Univ. Guelph, Guelph, Ont. Canada, N1G 2W1
Marilyn D. Dykstra
Affiliation:
Pest Diagnostic and Advisory Clinic, Univ. Guelph
R. Douglas McLaren
Affiliation:
Ont. Minist. Agric. Food, Guelph
Allan S. Hamill
Affiliation:
Agric. Can. Res. Stn., Harrow, Ont
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Triazine-resistant (TR) biotypes of weeds normally susceptible (S) to triazine herbicides first were documented in Ontario in 1974. By 1988, at least nine weed species had TR biotypes, and at least 50% of the corn-producing areas were infested. Corn has been grown the longest in the southwestern Ontario, but TR weeds are only a minor problem there. Predominant agronomic practices in the southwest include crop rotation, atrazine use on 60% of corn land, use of other postemergence herbicides, interrow cultivation, little silage corn, and little manure returned to the land. Corn, particularly grain corn, is new as a large hectareage crop in eastern Ontario. However, more than 75% of corn land in that area is infested with two or more TR weed species. Predominant agronomic practices in the east include continuous corn, nearly all fields are atrazine treated, use of postemergence herbicides is not common, cultivation is rare, 25% of the corn is for silage, and manure from corn silage is returned to all cultivated land. Adequate herbicide programs exist to control TR weeds in corn and other crops. However, the spread from field to field and from farm to farm is often rapid, particularly in eastern Ontario.

Keywords

Atrazine, 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diaminecorn, Zea mays L.AtrazineAmaranthus retroflexusAmbrosia artemisiifoliaChenopodium strictumEchinochloa crus-galliPanicum capillareSenecio vulgaris L.Setaria glaucaSenecio arvensisAMBELAMARECHESGECHCGPANCASENVUSETLUSINAR
Type
Symposium
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , March 1990 , pp. 199 - 207
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Ali, A., and Souza-Machado, V. 1981. Rapid detection of “triazine resistant” weeds using chlorophyll fluorescence. Weed Res. 21:191–197.Google Scholar
2. Bandeen, J. D., and McLaren, R. D. 1976. Resistance of Chenopodium album to triazine herbicides. Can. J. Plant Sci. 56:411–412.Google Scholar
3. Bandeen, J. D., Stephenson, G. R., and Cowett, E. R. 1982. Discovery and distribution of herbicide-resistant weeds in North America. Chapter 2, p. 9–30 in LeBaron, H. M. and Gressel, J., ed. Herbicide Resistance in Plants. John Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
4. Brown, D. M., McKay, G. A., and Chapman, L. J. 1980. The climate of southern Ontario. Climatological Studies No. 5. Atmospheric Environ. Serv., Environ. Canada, Toronto.Google Scholar
5. Gressel, J., and Segel, L. A. 1982. Interrelating factors controlling the rate of appearance of resistance: the outlook for the future. Chapter 17, p. 325–347 in LeBaron, H. M. and Gressel, J., ed. Herbicide Resistance in Plants. John Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
6. Stephenson, G. R. 1982. The emergence of triazine resistant weed biotypes in North America. Proc. Northeast. Weed Sci. Soc. 36(Supplement): 75–81.Google Scholar