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Bioassay of the Herbicidal Activity of AAC-Toxin Produced by Alternaria alternata Isolated from Ageratina adenophora

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Sheng Qiang ,
Ling Wang ,
Ran Wei ,
Bing Zhou ,
Shiguo Chen ,
Yunzhi Zhu ,
Yunfa Dong  and
Chuanfu An
Sheng Qiang*
Affiliation:
Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Ling Wang
Affiliation:
Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Ran Wei
Affiliation:
Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Bing Zhou
Affiliation:
Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Shiguo Chen
Affiliation:
Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Yunzhi Zhu
Affiliation:
Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Yunfa Dong
Affiliation:
Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Chuanfu An
Affiliation:
Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: qiangs@njau.edu.cn or wrl@njau.edu.cn
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Abstract

Tenuazonic acid (TeA), a naturally occurring product of Alternaria alternata, a pathogen to croftonweed, was discovered to be a novel natural photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. However, herbicidal activity of AAC-toxin, a metabolite of this fungus containing TeA as the main active ingredient, has not been evaluated systematically. In this study, we conducted activity-evaluation experiments in the laboratory, greenhouse, and field trials to assess the herbicidal potential of this fungal metabolite. AAC-toxin had high herbicidal activity on all species tested: croftonweed, large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, redroot pigweed, and eclipta. The AAC-toxin caused brown, leaf spot symptoms and leaf necrosis, subsequently killing the seedlings. When AAC-toxin was applied POST at 83 ml ai/ha, more than 95% of large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, and redroot pigweed plants were controlled 2 d after treatment in field trials. It can be concluded that AAC-toxin has broad-spectrum, rapid, and high herbicidal activity similar to that of paraquat and may have the potential to be developed as a microbe-based herbicide.

El ácido Tenuazonic (TeA), un ingrediente activo de la Alternaria alternata, produce un patógeno que actúa sobre la Eupatorium adenopphorum Spreng y ha sido descubierto como un nuevo inhibidor PSII natural. Sin embargo, la actividad herbicida de la toxina AAC, metabolizada por este hongo y que contiene TeA como ingrediente activo, no ha sido evaluada sistemáticamente. En este estudio, llevamos al cabo experimentos activos en el laboratorio, el invernadero y en el campo, para poder evaluar el potencial herbicida de este hongo. Los resultados mostraron que la toxina AAC tiene una alta actividad herbicida para todas las malezas estudiadas: Eupatorium adenopphorum Spreng, Digitaria sanguinalis L., Echinochloa crusgalli, Amaranthus retroflexus, y Eclipta prostrata L. La toxina AAC provocó en las hojas de estas malezas una necrosis café y marchitamiento, y subsecuentemente causó la muerte de los vástagos. Cuando la toxina AAC fue POST - aplicada a 82.95 ml ia/hm2, grandes densidades de Digitaria sanguinalis L., Echinochloa crusgalli, y Amaranthus retroflexus fueron controladas en más del 95% a los 2 días después del tratamiento (DAT) en los estudios de campo. Se puede concluir que la toxina AAC tiene un amplio espectro así como una actividad herbicida mejor y más rápida, y que es similar pero sin una acción mecánica diferente al paraquat, y que puede tener potencial para ser desarrollada como un herbicida micro.

Keywords

BarnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-galli (L.) BeauvcroftonweedAgeratina riparia (Spreng.) King & H.E. RobinsecliptaEclipta prostrata (L.) L.large crabgrassDigitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scopredroot pigweedAmaranthus retroflexus L.Biobased herbicidebiological controlnatural productweed
Type
Symposium
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 2 , June 2010 , pp. 197 - 201
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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