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Comparison of Allyl Isothiocyanate and Metam Sodium with Methyl Bromide for Weed Control in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Pratap Devkota ,
Jason K. Norsworthy  and
Ronald Rainey
Pratap Devkota*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Ronald Rainey
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Business, University of Arkansas, South University Avenue, Room 308J, Little Rock, AR 72204-4940
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: pdevkota@purdue.edu
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Abstract

Methyl bromide (MeBr), classified as a Class I ozone-depleting substance, has been banned for ordinary agricultural uses. Weed control in commercial bell pepper production is complicated by the ban on MeBr and the lack of other available and effective soil fumigants. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of allyl isothiocyanate (ITC) and metam sodium (methyl ITC generator) as MeBr alternatives for control of Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, and yellow nutsedge; and for increasing marketable yields in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) –mulched bell pepper. Allyl ITC was applied at 450, 600, and 750 kg ha−1; metam sodium was applied at 180, 270, and 360 kg ha−1; and MeBr plus chloropicrin (67% and 33%, respectively) was applied at 390 kg ha−1. Allyl ITC and metam sodium did not injure bell pepper. Allyl ITC at 750 kg ha−1 or metam sodium at 360 kg ha−1 controlled Palmer amaranth (≥ 83%), large crabgrass (≥ 78%), and yellow nutsedge (≥ 80%) comparably to MeBr. Yellow nutsedge tuber density was ≤ 84 tubers m−2 in plots treated with the highest rate of allyl ITC and metam sodium and was comparable to the tuber density in MeBr-treated plots. Although allyl ITC at 750 kg ha−1 controlled weeds comparable to MeBr, total marketable bell pepper yield with allyl ITC was lower than the yield with MeBr. Conversely, total marketable bell pepper yield with the highest rate of metam sodium (53.5 ton ha−1) was equivalent to the yield (62.5 ton ha−1) in plots treated with MeBr. In conclusion, metam sodium at 360 kg ha−1 is an effective MeBr alternative for weed control in LDPE–mulched bell pepper.

Methyl bromide (MeBr), clasificado como una sustancia Clase I degradante de ozono, ha sido prohibido para el uso ordinario en agricultura. Debido a la prohibición de MeBr y la falta de otros fumigantes de suelos disponibles que sean efectivos, el control de malezas en la producción comercial de pimiento morrón es complicado. Se realizó un estudio de campo para evaluar la eficacia de allyl isothiocyanate (ITC) y metam sodium (generador de methyl ITC) como alternativas a MeBr para el control de Amaranthus palmeri, Digitaria sanguinalis, y Cyperus esculentus; y para el incremento del rendimiento comercializable en producción de pimiento en cobertura plástica de polyethylene de baja densidad (LDPE). Se aplicó allyl ITC a 450, 600, y 750 kg ha−1; metam sodium a 180, 270, y 360 kg ha−1; y MeBr más chloropicrin (67% y 33%, respectivamente) a 390 kg ha−1. Allyl ITC y metam sodium no dañaron al pimiento. Allyl ITC a 750 kg ha−1 o metam sodium a 360 kg ha−1 controlaron A. palmeri (≥83%), D. sanguinalis (≥78%), y C. esculentus (≥80%), lo que fue comparable a MeBr. La densidad de tubérculos de C. esculentus fue ≤84 tubérculos m−2 en parcelas tratadas con la dosis más alta de allyl ITC y metam sodium, y fue comparable con la densidad de tubérculos en las parcelas tratadas con MeBr. Aunque el control de malezas con allyl ITC a 750 kg ha−1 fue comparable a MeBr, el rendimiento total de pimiento comercializable fue menor que el rendimiento con MeBr. Por el contrario, el rendimiento total de pimiento comercializable con la dosis más alta de metam sodium (53.5 ton ha−1) fue equivalente al rendimiento (62,5 ton ha−1) en parcelas tratadas con MeBr. En conclusión, metam sodium a 360 kg ha−1 es una alternativa efectiva al uso de MeBr para el control de malezas en la producción de pimiento con cobertura plástica LDPE.

Keywords

Allyl isothiocyanatemetam sodiummethyl bromide (MeBr)large crabgrassDigitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSAPalmer amaranthAmaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPAyellow nutsedgeCyperus esculentus L. CYPESbell pepperCapsicum annuum L. ‘Heritage'Isothiocyanatelow-density polyethylene mulchmethyl bromide alternativessoil fumigation
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 3 , September 2013 , pp. 468 - 474
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054.

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