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Comparison of Glufosinate-Based Herbicide Programs for Broad-Spectrum Weed Control in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jatinder S. Aulakh  and
Amit J. Jhala
Jatinder S. Aulakh
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
Amit J. Jhala*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: Amit.Jhala@unl.edu.
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Abstract

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Because of the increasing number of glyphosate-resistant weeds, alternate herbicide-resistant crops and herbicides with different modes of action are required to protect crop yield. Glufosinate is a broad-spectrum POST herbicide for weed control in glufosinate-resistant crops, including soybean. The objective of this study was to compare herbicide programs with glufosinate applied singly at late-POST (LPOST) or sequentially at early POST (EPOST) followed by (fb) LPOST applications and PRE herbicides fb EPOST/LPOST glufosinate alone or tank-mixed with acetochlor, pyroxasulfone, or S-metolachlor in glufosinate-resistant soybean. A field experiment was conducted at the South Central Agriculture Laboratory in Clay Center, NE, in 2012 and 2013. Glufosinate applied in a single LPOST or sequential EPOST fb LPOST application controlled common lambsquarters, common waterhemp, eastern black nightshade, green foxtail, large crabgrass, and velvetleaf ≤ 82% and resulted in a weed density of 6 to 10 plants m−2 by the end of the season. Flumioxazin-, saflufenacil-, or sulfentrazone-based premixes provided 84 to 99% control of broadleaf and grass weeds tested in this study at 15 d after PRE application and a subsequent LPOST application of glufosinate alone controlled broadleaf and grass weeds 69 to 93% at harvest, depending on the herbicide program and weed species being investigated. The PRE application of sulfentrazone plus metribuzin fb EPOST glufosinate tank-mixed with acetochlor, pyroxasulfone, or S-metolachlor controlled the tested broadleaf and grass weeds ≥ 90%, reduced density to ≤ 2 plants m−2, and reduced weed biomass to ≤ 10 g m−2 and produced soybean yields of ≥ 4,450 and 3,040 kg ha−1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Soybean injury was 0 to 20% from PRE or POST herbicides, or both and was inconsistent, but transient, during the 2-yr study, and it did not affect soybean yield. Sulfentrazone plus metribuzin applied PRE fb glufosinate EPOST tank-mixed with acetochlor, pyroxasulfone, or S-metolachlor provided the highest level of weed control throughout the growing season and increased soybean yield compared with a single LPOST or a sequential EPOST fb LPOST glufosinate application. Additionally, these herbicide programs provide four distinct mechanisms of action that constitute an effective weed-resistance management strategy in glufosinate-resistant soybean.

Debido al creciente número de malezas resistentes a glyphosate, es necesario alternar cultivos resistente a herbicidas con diferentes modos de acción para proteger los rendimientos de los cultivos. Glufosinate es un herbicida POST de amplio espectro para el control de malezas en cultivos resistentes a glufosinate, incluyendo soja. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar programas de herbicidas con glufosinate aplicado solo en POST-tarde (LPOST), o secuencialmente en POST-temprano (EPOST) seguido de (fb) aplicaciones LPOST, y herbicidas PRE fb glufosinate solo en EPOST/LPOST, o mezclas en tanque con acetochlor, pyroxasulfone, o S-metolachlor, en soja resistente a glufosinate. Se realizó un experimento de campo en el Laboratorio de Agricultura del Centro Sur, en Clay Center, Nebraska, en 2012 y 2013. Glufosinate aplicado solo LPOST o en secuencia EPOST fb LPOST controló Chenopodium album, Amaranthus rudis, Solanum ptychanthum, Setaria viridis, Digitaria sanguinalis, y Abutilon theophrasti ≤ 82% y resultaron en una densidad de malezas de 6 a 10 plantas m−2 al final de la temporada. Premezclas basadas en flumioxazin, saflufenacil, o sulfentrazone brindaron 84 a 99% de control de malezas de hoja ancha y gramíneas evaluadas en este estudio a 15 d después de la aplicación; PRE fb glufosinate solo (EPOST/LPOST) controlaron malezas de hoja ancha y gramíneas 69 a 93% al momento de la cosecha, dependiendo del programa de herbicidas y las especies de malezas investigadas. La aplicación PRE de sulfentrazone más metribuzin fb EPOST con glufosinate mezclado en tanque con acetochlor, pyroxasulfone, o S-metolachlor controló las especies de malezas de hoja ancha y gramíneas evaluadas ≥ 90%, redujo la densidad ≤ 2 plantas m−2, redujo la biomasa de malezas ≤ 10 g m−2, y produjo rendimientos de soja ≥ 4,450 y 3,040 kg ha−1, en 2012 y 2013, respectivamente. El daño en la soja fue 0 a 20% en los tratamientos PRE, POST, o ambos, y fue inconsistente pero fue transitorio, durante los 2 años del estudio, y no afectó el rendimiento de la soja. Sulfentrazone más metribuzin aplicados PRE fb glufosinate EPOST mezclado en tanque con acetochlor, pyroxasulfone, o S-metolachlor brindó el mayor nivel de control de malezas a lo largo de la temporada de crecimiento e incrementó el rendimiento de la soja al compararse con una aplicación de glufosinate LPOST o aplicaciones secuenciales EPOST fb EPOST. Adicionalmente, estos programas de herbicidas permitieron el uso de cuatro mecanismos de acción distintos lo que constituye una estrategia efectiva para el manejo de resistencia en soja resistente a glufosinate.

Keywords

AcetochlorflumioxazinglufosinatemetribuzinpyroxasulfonesaflufenacilS-metolachlorsulfentrazonecommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L.common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauereastern black nightshade, Solanum ptychanthum Dunalgreen foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Mediksoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.Broadleaf weedsgrass weedsherbicide-resistanceresistance managementweed biomass
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 419 - 430
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

References

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