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Effect of cereal rye and canola on winter and summer annual weed emergence in corn

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2020

Stephanie A. DeSimini ,
Kevin D. Gibson ,
Shalamar D. Armstrong ,
Marcelo Zimmer Open the ORCID record for Marcelo Zimmer [Opens in a new window] ,
Lucas O.R. Maia  and
William G. Johnson
Stephanie A. DeSimini
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Kevin D. Gibson
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Shalamar D. Armstrong
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Marcelo Zimmer
Affiliation:
Weed Science Program Specialist, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Lucas O.R. Maia
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
William G. Johnson*
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
*
Author for correspondence: William G. Johnson, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN47907. Email: wgj@purdue.edu
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Abstract

Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 at two locations in Indiana to evaluate the influence of cover crop species, termination timing, and herbicide treatment on winter and summer annual weed suppression and corn yield. Cereal rye and canola cover crops were terminated early or late (2 wk before or after corn planting) with a glyphosate- or glufosinate-based herbicide program. Canola and cereal rye reduced total weed biomass collected at termination by up to 74% and 91%, in comparison to fallow, respectively. Canola reduced horseweed density by up to 56% at termination and 57% at POST application compared to fallow. Cereal rye reduced horseweed density by up to 59% at termination and 87% at POST application compared to fallow. Canola did not reduce giant ragweed density at termination in comparison to fallow. Cereal rye reduced giant ragweed density by up to 66% at termination and 62% at POST application. Termination timing had little to no effect on weed biomass and density reduction in comparison to the effect of cover crop species. Cereal rye reduced corn grain yield at both locations in comparison to fallow, especially for the late-termination timing. Corn grain yield reduction up to 49% (4,770 kg ha–1) was recorded for cereal rye terminated late in comparison to fallow terminated late. Canola did not reduce corn grain yield in comparison to fallow within termination timing; however, late-terminated canola reduced corn grain yield by up to 21% (2,980 kg ha–1) in comparison to early-terminated fallow. Cereal rye can suppress giant ragweed emergence, whereas canola is not as effective at suppressing large-seeded broadleaves such as giant ragweed. These results also indicate that early-terminated cover crops can often result in higher corn grain yields than late-terminated cover crops in an integrated weed management program.

Keywords

Cover crop terminationburndown programspring preplant applicationweed suppressionGlufosinateglyphosategiant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida LhorseweedConyza canadensis L. Cronq.canola, Brassica napus Lcereal rye, Secale cereale Lcorn, Zea mays L
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 6 , December 2020 , pp. 787 - 793
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Kevin Bradley, University of Missouri

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