Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T09:17:41.020Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of Glyphosate Application Timing and Row Spacing on Corn (Zea mays) and Soybean (Glycine max) Yields

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Caleb D. Dalley ,
James J. Kells  and
Karen A. Renner
Caleb D. Dalley
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
James J. Kells*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Karen A. Renner
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: kells@msu.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Corn and soybean were planted in narrow and wide row spacings to determine the effect of glyphosate application timing and row spacing on crop yield. Glyphosate was applied when average weed canopy height reached 5, 10, 15, 23, and 30 cm. Weeds present in these studies included velvetleaf, redroot pigweed, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, jimsonweed, barnyardgrass, fall panicum, giant foxtail, yellow foxtail, green foxtail, and eastern black nightshade. Under highly competitive growing conditions (below normal rainfall and high weed density), corn yield was first reduced when weeds reached 10 and 15 cm in height with corn planted in 38- and 76-cm rows, respectively. Under similar conditions, soybean yield was first reduced when weeds reached 15 and 23 cm with soybean planted in 19- and 38-cm rows, respectively. Yield losses occurred only in the untreated control when soybean was planted in 76-cm rows. When growing conditions were less competitive (adequate rainfall and lower weed density), yield losses occurred only when weeds reached 30 cm or more in corn and only in the untreated control in soybean. Corn and soybean yields were higher when planted in narrow rows in three of 4 yr but were more susceptible to early-season weed interference than corn and soybean in wide rows. Corn yield was affected more by weed interference than was soybean yield. The product of weed height by weed density, as the independent variable, resulted in the best linear fit for both corn and soybean yields. High weed densities increase the risk of yield loss and must be considered when determining the appropriate timing for total postemergence herbicide applications such as glyphosate. Sequential glyphosate applications in corn did not increase yield.

Keywords

Glyphosatebarnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. #3 ECHCGcommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. # CHEALcommon ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. # AMBELeastern black nightshade, Solanum ptycanthum Dun. # SOLPTfall panicum, Panicum dichotomilflorum Michx. # PANDIgiant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. # SETFAgreen foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. # SETVIjimsonweed, Datura stramonium L. # DATSTredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMAREvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophroasti Medik. # ABUTHyellow foxtail, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. # SETLUcorn, Zea mays L. ‘DK 493RR’soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Pioneer 92B71’Application timingcompetitive loadnarrow-row cornnarrow-row soybeanweed competitionweed interferenceDAE, days after crop emergenceGDDAE, growing degree days after emergencePOST, postemergenceSAS, Statistical Analysis Systems
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , March 2004 , pp. 165 - 176
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ateh, C. M. and Harvey, R. G. 1999. Annual weed control by glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 13:394–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Board, J. E. and Harville, B. G. 1993. Soybean yield component responses to a light interception gradient during the reproductive period. Crop Sci. 33. 772–777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Board, J. E. and Harville, B. G. 1996. Growth dynamics during the vegetative period affects yield of narrow-row late-planted soybean. Agron. J 88:567–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullock, D., Khan, S., and Rayburn, A. 1998. Soybean yield response to narrow rows is largely due to enhanced early growth. Crop Sci 38:1011–1016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullock, D. G., Nielsen, R. L., and Nyquist, W. E. 1988. A growth analysis comparison of corn grown in conventional and equidistant plant spacing. Crop Sci 25:254–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, J. B. and Kells, J. J. 1995. Timing of total postemergence herbicide applications to maximize weed control and corn yield. Weed Technol. 9:356–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Classen, M. M. and Shaw, R. H. 1970. Water deficit effects on corn. II. Grain components. Agron. J 62:652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egli, D. B. 1994. Mechanisms responsible for soybean yield response to equidistant patterns. Agron. J 86:1046–1049.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ethredge, W. J. Jr., Ashley, D. A., and Woodruff, J. M. 1989. Row spacing and plant population effects on yield components of soybean. Agron. J. 81. 947–951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, M. R., Swanton, C. J., and Anderson, G. W. 1992. The critical period of weed control in grain corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 40:441–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horn, P. W. and Burnside, O. C. 1985. Soybean growth as influenced by planting date, cultivation, and weed removal. Agron. J 77:793–795.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ikeda, T. 1992. Soybean planting patterns in relation to yield and yield components. Agron. J 84:923–926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knake, E. L. and Slife, F. W. 1969. Effect of time of giant foxtail removal from corn and soybeans. Weed Sci. 17:281–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krausz, R. F., Kapusta, G., and Matthews, J. L. 1996. Control of annual weeds with glyphosate. Weed Technol. 10:957–962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krausz, R. F., Young, B. G., Kapusta, G., and Matthews, J. L. 2001. Influence of weed competition and herbicides on glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 15:530–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lutz, J. A., Camper, H. M., and Jones, G. D. 1971. Row spacing and population effects on corn yield. Agron. J 63:12–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, S. D., Yakubu, Y., Weise, S. F., and Swanton, C. J. 1996. Effect of planting pattern and inter-row cultivation on competition between corn (Zea mays) and late emerging weeds. Weed Sci. 44:856–870.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, K. A. and Renner, K. A. 1999. Weed management in wide- and narrow-row glyphosate resistant soybean. J. Prod. Agric 12:460–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, R. L. 1988. Influence of hybrids and plant density on grain yield and stalk breakage in corn grown in 15-inch row spacing. J. Prod. Agric 1:190–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padgette, S. R., Kolacz, K. H., and Delannay, X. et al. 1995. Development, identification, and characterization of a glyphosate-tolerant soybean line. Crop Sci 35:1451–1461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paszkiewicz, S. R. 1997. Narrow row width influence on corn yield. in Proceedings 51st Annual Corn and Sorghum Research conference; Chicago, IL. American Seed Trade Association, Washington, DC. Pp. 130–138.Google Scholar
Porter, P. M., Hicks, D. R., Lueschen, W. E., Ford, J. H., Warnes, D. D., and Hoverstad, T. R. 1997. Corn response to row width and plant population in the northern corn belt. J. Prod. Agric 10:293–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stickler, F. C. 1964. Row width and plant population studies with corn. Agron. J 56:438–441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tharp, B. E. and Kells, J. J. 1999. Influence of herbicide application rate, timing, and interrow cultivation on weed control and corn (Zea mays) yield in glufosinate-resistant and glyphosate-resistant corn. Weed Technol. 13:807–813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tharp, B. E., Schabenberger, O., and Kells, J. J. 1999. Response of weeds to glufosinate and glyphosate. Weed Technol. 13:542–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Gessel, M. J., Ayeni, A. A., and Majek, B. A. 2000. Optimum glyphosate timing with and without residual herbicides in glyphosate resistant soybean (Glycine max) under full-season conventional tillage. Weed Technol. 14:140–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, S. E., Kropff, M. J., and Groeneveld, R. M. W. 1992. Use of ecophysiological models for crop-weed interference: the critical period of weed interference. Weed Sci. 40:302–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westgate, M. E., Forcella, F., Reicosky, D. C., and Somsen, J. 1997. Rapid canopy closure for maize production in the northern US corn belt: radiation-use efficiency and grain yield. Field Crops Res 49:249–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Widdicombe, W. D. and Thelen, K. D. 2002. Row width and plant density effects on corn grain production in the Northern corn belt. Agron. J 94:1020–1023.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiggins, R. G. 1939. The influence of space and arrangement on the production of soybean plants. J. Am. Soc. Agron 31:314–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar