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The Effect of Time of Day on the Activity of Postemergence Soybean Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Gregory J. Stopps ,
Robert E. Nurse  and
Peter H. Sikkema
Gregory J. Stopps
Affiliation:
Mount Forest, ON N0G 2L0, Canada
Robert E. Nurse*
Affiliation:
Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2585 County Road 20, R.R. No. 2, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada
Peter H. Sikkema
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, ON N0P 2C0, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: Robert.Nurse@agr.gc.ca
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Abstract

The effect of time of day (TOD) on the activity of six common POST herbicides was investigated in field trials from 2007 to 2009 at two locations in southwestern Ontario. Percentage weed control was assessed following application of bentazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, glyphosate, imazethapyr, or quizalofop-p-ethyl applied at 3-h intervals from 6:00 A.M. to midnight, when weeds averaged 15 cm tall. The effect of time of day varied with weed species, but weed control was generally reduced when herbicides were applied at 6:00 A.M., 9:00 P.M., and midnight. Herbicide activity on velvetleaf was most frequently reduced, especially for chlorimuron-ethyl, glyphosate, and imazethapyr. Control of common ragweed with glyphosate and imazethapyr was also affected by the timing of application, and pigweed species only showed an effect with glyphosate. Variation in temperature, relative humidity, and dew presence/absence at different times of the day, as well as morphological/physiological characteristics such as weed size at time of application and diurnal leaf movement in response to light intensity, may account for the variation in weed control at different times of the day. Significant soybean yield loss was not observed in this study, but may occur if herbicide efficacy is severely reduced by application at inappropriate times of day. These results provide valuable information for growers, and suggest that POST herbicides are most effective when applied midday, rather than in the early morning or late evening.

El efecto del momento de aplicación durante el día (TOD) en la actividad de seis herbicidas POST comunes fue investigado en experimentos de campo desde 2007 a 2009 en dos localidades del suroeste de Ontario. El porcentaje de control de malezas fue evaluado después de la aplicación de bentazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, glyphosate, imazethapyr, o quizalofop-p-ethyl, aplicados en intervalos de 3 horas desde 6:00 A.M. hasta medianoche, cuando las malezas tuvieron una altura promedio de 15 cm. El efecto del momento de aplicación durante el día varió dependiendo de la especie de malezas, pero el control de malezas fue generalmente reducido cuando los herbicidas se aplicaron a 6:00 A.M., 9:00 P.M., y medianoche. La actividad herbicida se redujo más frecuentemente en Abutilon theophrasti, especialmente con chlorimuron-ethyl, glyphosate, e imazethapyr. El control de Ambrosia artemisiifolia con glyphosate e imazethapyr también fue afectado por el momento de aplicación, y las especies del género Amaranthus solamente mostraron efectos con glyphosate. Variaciones en temperatura, humedad relativa, y la presencia/ausencia de rocío en diferentes momentos del día, además de las características morfológicas/fisiológicas, tales como el tamaño de las malezas al momento de aplicación, y el movimiento diario de hojas en respuesta a la intensidad lumínica, podrían explicar la variación en el control de malezas en diferentes momentos del día. En este estudio, no se observaron pérdidas significativas en el rendimiento de la soya, pero estas podrían ocurrir si la eficacia del herbicida es reducida severamente debido a aplicaciones en momentos inapropiados durante el día. Los resultados brindan información valiosa para los productores, y sugieren que los herbicidas POST son más efectivos cuando son aplicados al mediodía, en lugar de las aplicaciones temprano en la mañana o tarde al final del día.

Keywords

Bentazonchlorimuron-ethylfomesafenglyphosateimazethapyrquizalofop-p-ethylcommon ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. AMBELpigweed species, Amaranthus spvelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti MedicABUTHsoybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrHerbicide efficacytime of dayPOST herbicidesweed control
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 4 , December 2013 , pp. 690 - 695
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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