Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T02:53:37.176Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Establishment Systems for Glyphosate-Resistant Alfalfa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

S. Ann McCordick ,
David E. Hillger ,
Richard H. Leep  and
James J. Kells
S. Ann McCordick
Affiliation:
Michigan State University, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824
David E. Hillger*
Affiliation:
Michigan State University, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824
Richard H. Leep
Affiliation:
Michigan State University, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824
James J. Kells
Affiliation:
Michigan State University, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: dehillger@dow.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Glyphosate-resistant alfalfa offers new weed control options for alfalfa establishment. Field studies were conducted in 2004 and 2005 to determine the effect of establishment method and weed control method on forage production and alfalfa stand establishment. Seeding methods included clear seeding and companion seeding with oats. Herbicide treatments included glyphosate, imazamox, imazamox + clethodim, and no herbicide. Temporary stunting from the glyphosate treatments was observed (< 7%); however, injury did not reduce forage yield or stand density in 2004. No glyphosate injury was observed in 2005. Weed control with glyphosate was more consistent than with imazamox or imazamox + clethodim. In 2004, total seasonal forage yield, which consisted of alfalfa, weeds, and oats (in some treatments), was the highest where no herbicide was applied in the oat companion crop and was reduced where herbicides were applied in both establishment systems. In 2005, seeding method or weed control method did not affect total seasonal forage production. Alfalfa established with the clear-seeded method and treated with glyphosate yielded the highest alfalfa dry matter in both years. Imazamox injury reduced first-harvest alfalfa yield in the clear-seeded system in both years. When no herbicide was applied, alfalfa yield was higher in the clear-seeded system. The oat companion crop suppressed alfalfa yield significantly in both years. Alfalfa established with an oat companion crop had a lower weed biomass than the clear-seeded system where no herbicide was applied in both years.

Keywords

Clethodimglyphosateimazamoxalfalfa, Medicago sativa L.oat, Avena sativa L. ‘Ida’Alfalfa establishmentclear-seededcompanion-seededweed control in forages
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 22 , Issue 1 , March 2008 , pp. 22 - 29
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Anonymous 2007a. Acreage U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/Acre/Acre-09-12-2006.pdf. Accessed: March 2007.Google Scholar
Anonymous 2007b. Crop Production 2006 Summary U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/CropProdSu/CropProdSu-01-12-2007.pdf. Accessed: March 2007.Google Scholar
Anonymous 2007c. Crop Values 2006 Summary U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/CropValuSu/CropValuSu-02-15-2007.pdf. Accessed: March 2007.Google Scholar
Barnes, R. F., Miller, D. A., and Nelson, C. J. 1995. Forages: An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture. 4th ed. Ames, IA Iowa State University Press. 205.Google Scholar
Becker, R. L., Sheaffer, C. C., Miller, D. W., and Swanson, D. R. 1998. Forage quality and economic implications of systems to manage giant foxtail and oat during alfalfa establishment. J. Prod. Agric. 11:300–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canevari, W. M., Orloff, S. B., Vargas, R. N., and Hembree, K. J. 2003. Raptor, a new herbicide for alfalfa weed control. Proc. Calif. Weed Sci. Soc. 55:107–111.Google Scholar
Chapko, L. B., Brinkman, M. A., and Albrecht, K. A. 1991. Oat, oat-pea, barley, and barley-pea for forage yield, forage quality, and alfalfa establishment. J. Prod. Agric. 4:486–491.Google Scholar
Curran, B. S., Kephart, K. D., and Twidwell, E. K. 1993. Oat companion crop management in alfalfa establishment. Agron. J. 85:998–1003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doll, J. D. 1984. Effects of common dandelion on alfalfa drying time and yield. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 39:113–114.Google Scholar
Genest, J. and Steppler, H. 1973. Effects of companion crops and their management on the undersown forage seedling environment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 53:285–290.Google Scholar
Gianessi, L. P., Silvers, C. S., Sankula, S., and Carpenter, J. E. 2002. Plant biotechnology: current and potential impact for improving pest management in U.S. agriculture: herbicide tolerant alfalfa. Washington, DC National Center for Food Policy. 2–7.Google Scholar
Hall, M. H., Curran, W. S., Werner, E. L., and Marshall, L. E. 1995. Evaluation of weed control practices during spring and summer alfalfa establishment. J. Prod. Agric. 8:360–365.Google Scholar
Hoy, M. D., Moore, K. J., George, R. J., and Brummer, E. C. 2002. Alfalfa yield and quality as influenced by establishment method. Agron. J. 94:65–71.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. H., Ogg, P., Colbert, D., Goddard, G., and Britva, M. 2001. Imazamox plus tank-mix partners for weed control in alfalfa. Proc. North Cent. Weed Sci. Soc. 56:172.Google Scholar
Kalu, B. A. and Fick, G. W. 1983. Morphological stage of development as a predictor of alfalfa herbage quality. Crop Sci. 23:1167–1172.Google Scholar
Kust, C. 1968. Herbicides or oat companion crops for alfalfa establishment and forage yields. Agron. J. 52:627–630.Google Scholar
Lanini, W. T., Orloff, S. B., Vargas, R. N., Orr, J. P., Marble, V. L., and Stephen, R. G. 1991. Oat companion crop seeding rate effect on alfalfa establishment, yield, and weed control. Agron. J. 83:330–333.Google Scholar
Marten, G. C. and Andersen, R. N. 1975. Forage nutritive value and palatability of 12 common annual weeds. Crop Sci. 15:821–827.Google Scholar
McCaslin, M., Fitzpatrick, S., and Temple, S. 2000. Roundup ready alfalfa: progress report. in. Proceedings of the 29th National Alfalfa Symposium and 30th California Alfalfa Symposium. Davis, CA Department of Agronomy and Range Science Cooperative Extension, University of California. 245.Google Scholar
Miller, S. D. and Alford, C. M. 2002. Weed control and glyphosate tolerant alfalfa response to glyphosate rate and application timing. Proc. North Cent. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:201.Google Scholar
Moyer, J. R. 1985. Effect of weed control and a companion crop on alfalfa and sainfoin establishment, yields and nutrient composition. Can. J. Plant Sci. 65:107–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moyer, J. R., Cole, D. E., Maurice, D. C., and Darwent, A. L. 1995. Companion crop, herbicide and weed effects on establishment and yields of alfalfa–bromegrass mixture. Can. J. Plant Sci. 75:121–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orloff, S. B., Vargas, R. N., Canevari, W. M., and Hembree, K. J. 2003. Progress in Roundup ready alfalfa. Pages 112–116. in. Proceedings of the 33rd Calif. Alfalfa and Forage Symposium. Davis, CA Davis, CA: Department of Agronomy and Range Science Cooperative Extension, University of California.Google Scholar
Peters, R. A. 1961. Legume establishment as related to the presence or absence of an oat companion crop. Agron. J. 53:195–198.Google Scholar
Peterson, D. E. and Duncan, S. R. 2002. Dormant treatments for weed control in alfalfa. Proc. North Cent. Weed Sci. Soc. 59:21.Google Scholar
Schmid, A. R. and Behrens, R. 1972. Herbicides vs oat companion crops for alfalfa establishment. Agron. J. 64:157–159.Google Scholar
Sheaffer, C. C., Barnes, D. K., and Marten, G. C. 1988. Companion crop vs. solo seeding: effect on alfalfa seeding year forage and N yields. J. Prod. Agric. 1:270–274.Google Scholar
Simmons, S. R., Martin, N. P., Sheaffer, C. C., Stuthman, D. D., Schiefelbein, E. L., and Haugen, T. 1992. Companion crop forage establishment: producer practices and perceptions. J. Prod. Agric. 5:67–72.Google Scholar
Simmons, S. R., Sheaffer, C. C., Rasmusson, D. C., Stuthman, D. D., and Nickel, S. E. 1995. Alfalfa establishment with barley and oat companion crops differing in stature. Agron. J. 87:268–272.Google Scholar
Stute, J. K. and Posner, J. L. 1993. Legume cover crop options for grain rotations in Wisconsin. Agron. J. 85:1128–1132.Google Scholar
Van Deynze, A., Putnam, D. H., Orloff, S., Lanini, T., Canevari, M., Hembree, K., Mueller, S., and Teuber, L. 2004. Roundup ready alfalfa: an emerging technology. Oakland, CA University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Communication Services. Extension Bull. 8153. 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wait, J. and Johnson, W. G. 2002. Curly dock control in alfalfa. Proc. North Cent. Weed Sci. Soc. 59:23.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. G. 1981. Weed control in established dryland alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Weed Sci. 29:615–618.Google Scholar