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Evaluation of Cereal and Brassicaceae Cover Crops in Conservation-Tillage, Enhanced, Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Marilyn McClelland ,
Griff Griffith ,
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa  and
Joshua Still
Jason K. Norsworthy*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soils, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Marilyn McClelland
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soils, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR
Griff Griffith
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soils, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soils, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR
Joshua Still
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soils, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jnorswor@uark.edu
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Abstract

Research was conducted for 2 yr at Marianna, AR, to determine whether the fall-planted cover crops rye, wheat, turnip, and a blend of brown and white mustard (Caliente) would aid weed management programs in conservation-tilled, enhanced, glyphosate-resistant cotton. Wheat and rye easily were established both years and turnip and mustard blend stands were better in the second year. The cover crops alone were more suppressive of Palmer amaranth, pitted morningglory, and goosegrass in 2007 than in 2008. Rye was generally superior to wheat in suppressing the three evaluated weeds. Once herbicides were applied, there were seldom differences among cover crops for a particular herbicide program as a result of the highly efficacious herbicide programs. Cotton yields were not affected by wheat, rye, or the mustard blend, but yields were lowest in plots that followed turnip both years, possibly because of allelopathy. Integration of cover crops, especially cereals, into conservation-tilled, glyphosate-resistant cotton aided early-season weed management and could reduce the selection of glyphosate for herbicide resistance.

Una investigación fue llevada al cabo durante 2 años en Mariana, AR para determinar si los cultivos de cobertera Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum, Brassica rapa, una mezcla de Brassica juncea y Sinapis alba (Caliente) sembrados en el otoño, podrían mejorar los programas de manejo de maleza en algodón (Gossypium hirsutum) mejorado resistente a glifosato, establecido con labranza de conservación. T. aestivum y S. cereale se establecieron fácilmente en ambos años, sin embargo, B. rapa y la mezcla de B. juncea y S. alba se establecieron mejor en el segundo año. Los cultivos de cobertera solos, suprimieron mejor a Amaranthus palmeri, Ipomoea lacunosa y Eleusine indica en 2007 comparado con 2008. El S. cereale fue generalmente superior a T. aestivum en suprimir las tres especies de maleza evaluadas. Una vez que los herbicidas fueron aplicados, rara vez hubo diferencias entre los cultivos de cobertera para un programa de herbicidas en particular; lo anterior, fue resultado de la alta eficacia de los programas de herbicidas. Los rendimientos de algodón no fueron afectados por T. aestivum, S. cereale o la mezcla de mostazas, pero los rendimientos más bajos ocurrieron en parcelas donde se sembró B. rapa en ambos años, debido posiblemente a alelopatía. La integración de cultivos de cobertera, especialmente cereales, en cultivo de algodón mejorado resistente a glifosato en labranza de conservación, ayudó en el manejo de la maleza al inicio de la estación y podría reducir la selección para resistencia a glifosato.

Keywords

Goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. ELEINPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats AMAPApitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. IPOLAbrown mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czerncotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.rye, Secale cereale L.turnip, Brassica rapa L., wheat, Triticum aestivum L.white mustard, Sinapis alba L.Conservation tillagecover cropherbicidesmulch effectreduced tillageweed controlweed suppression
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 6 - 13
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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