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Evaluation of Weed Control and Crop Safety with Herbicides in Open Field Tree Nurseries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Bradley D. Hanson  and
Sally A. Schneider
Bradley D. Hanson*
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 9611 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93658
Sally A. Schneider
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production and Protection, GWCC, Room 4-2218, Beltsville, MD 20705
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: brad.hanson@ars.usda.gov
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Abstract

Open field production of fruit and nut-tree nursery stock depends upon preplant soil fumigation, extensive tillage, and hand-labor throughout the growing season for adequate weed control. Because methyl bromide, the favored fumigant, is being phased out because of environmental concerns and the costs of both fuel and labor continue to rise, herbicides are likely to become a more important weed management tool in the tree nursery industry. Two trials were conducted to evaluate weed control and crop safety with several herbicides applied following fumigation with methyl bromide or 1,3-dichloropropene in central California stone-fruit nurseries. PRE and POST-directed applications of several labeled and unlabeled materials were applied in a band over seeded peach rootstock or applied after emergence with a drop-nozzle spray boom. Crop productivity and weed control were monitored throughout the 1-yr growing season. PRE oryzalin and dithiopyr treatments provided the best weed control with very little crop injury. PRE applications of flumioxazin, rimsulfuron, and sulfentrazone did not have adequate crop safety at the rates and timings tested. However, POST-directed applications of flumioxazin and rimsulfuron were much safer to the peach and almond crops and should be evaluated in future trials. Additional herbicides and application techniques are needed to find acceptable, safe control measures for weeds, such as California burclover, common mallow, and redstem filaree, which often are poorly controlled with preplant fumigation in tree nurseries.

Keywords

DithiopyrflumioxazinisoxabenoryzalinprodiaminerimsulfuronsulfentrazoneCalifornia burclover, Medicago hispida Gaertn. MEDPOcommon mallow, Malva parviflora L. MALPAredstem filaree, Erodium cicutarium L EROCIalmond, Prunus dulcis Millpeach, Prunus persica BatschBare root treeherbicide screeningmethyl bromide alternativesselectivitytolerancetree nursery
Type
Weed Management — Other Crops/Areas
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 22 , Issue 3 , September 2008 , pp. 493 - 498
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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