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Flixweed (Descurainia sophia) Shade Tolerance and Possibilities for Flixweed Management Using Rapeseed Seeding Rate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2017

Christopher A. Landau ,
Brian J. Schutte ,
Abdel O. Mesbah  and
Sangamesh V. Angadi
Christopher A. Landau*
Affiliation:
Graduate Student and Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88005
Brian J. Schutte
Affiliation:
Graduate Student and Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88005
Abdel O. Mesbah
Affiliation:
Associate Professor/Superintendent, Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Sciences, New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Clovis, NM 88101
Sangamesh V. Angadi
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Clovis, NM 88101
*
*Corresponding author’s E-mail: clandau@nmsu.edu.
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Abstract

Brassicaceae weeds can be problematic in canola varieties that have not been modified to resist specific broad-spectrum herbicides. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for increased rapeseed seeding rate as a management strategy for flixweed. To accomplish this objective, a field study was conducted to determine crop seeding rate effects on canopy light transmission and rapeseed yield characteristics, as well as a greenhouse study to determine morphological and photosynthetic responses of flixweed to decreasing irradiance levels. Results from the field study indicated that light transmittance through the canopy decreased linearly as crop seeding rate increased from 1.8 to 9.0 kg ha-1. Increasing crop seeding rate did not influence rapeseed aboveground biomass, seed yield, and harvest index, but negatively affected rapeseed seed oil content in one of two site-years. Greenhouse study results indicated that declining irradiance levels caused reductions in flixweed biomass, root allocation, and photosynthetic light compensation point. Flixweed leaf allocation, foliage area ratio, and specific foliage area increased in response to decreasing irradiance levels. Combined results of field and greenhouse studies suggest that increasing rapeseed seeding rate can suppress flixweed growth while not causing yield penalties from increased intraspecific competition. However, increased rapeseed seeding rate might not be an adequate control strategy on its own because flixweed displays characteristics of a shade-tolerant species.

Keywords

Flixweed, Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. ex. Prantlrapeseed, Brassica napus L.Canola, cultural weed managementlight compensation pointlight transmittanceshade tolerance
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 31 , Issue 3 , June 2017 , pp. 477 - 486
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2017 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Robert Nurse, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

References

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