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Fumigant Alternatives for Methyl Bromide Prior to Turfgrass Establishment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

J. Bryan Unruh ,
Barry J. Brecke ,
Joan A. Dusky  and
John S. Godbehere
J. Bryan Unruh*
Affiliation:
West Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 4253 Experiment Drive, Hwy 182, Jay, FL 32565
Barry J. Brecke
Affiliation:
West Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 4253 Experiment Drive, Hwy 182, Jay, FL 32565
Joan A. Dusky
Affiliation:
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 1038 McCarty Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611
John S. Godbehere
Affiliation:
Hendrix and Dail, Inc., 905 4th Street N.W., Cairo, GA 31728
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jbu@ufl.edu.
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Abstract

Potassium azide (PA) (112 kg/ha), oxadiazon + 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) (168 kg/ha + 140 L/ha), dazomet (392 kg/ha), dazomet + chloropicrin (392 + 168 kg/ha), dazomet + 1,3-D (392 kg/ha + 140 L/ha), iodomethane (IM) (336 kg/ha), metam-sodium (MS) (748 L/ha), MS + chloropicrin (748 L/ha + 168 kg/ha), and MS + 1,3-D (748 + 140 L/ha) were evaluated at Jay and Arcadia, FL, in 1998 and 1999 as alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) fumigation for the management of common turfgrass weeds. Potassium azide was as effective as MeBr in controlling ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass, yellow and purple nutsedges, alexandergrass, broadleaf signalgrass, tall and sharppod morningglories, and various winter annual broadleaf weeds, but it failed to provide acceptable control of redroot pigweed. 1,3-Dichloropropene + oxadiazon did not control yellow nutsedge, purple nutsedge, or Coastal bermudagrass. Similarly, this combination treatment failed to control carpetweed but did provide 83% control of the winter annual weed species, 71% control of alexandergrass and broadleaf signalgrass, and ≥ 80% control of tall morningglory, sharppod morningglory, and redroot pigweed. Dazomet + combination treatments provided control of Coastal bermudagrass at Jay; however, control of common bermudagrass, alexandergrass, and broadleaf signalgrass was not acceptable at Arcadia. Sedge species control with dazomet + combinations was poor (< 63%) at both sites. Iodomethane, a treatment not yet registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), controlled weedy grass species, sedge species, and broadleaf weeds present at the two locations under different environmental conditions. Metam-sodium alone and MS + chloropicrin, tarped and untarped, and MS + 1,3-D provided acceptable weed control; however, MS + chloropicrin covered with a plastic tarp for 48 h was the best MS treatment. Metam-sodium + chloropicrin, with plastic tarp, controlled weedy grass and broadleaf species equal to MeBr; however, unacceptable sedge species control at Jay and Arcadia was 56 and 79%, respectively. Metam-sodium applied alone failed to control redroot pigweed; however, MS + combinations provided control. These studies confirm that no EPA-registered fumigant alternative to MeBr, applied alone or in combination for preplant turf soil fumigation, exists. Consequently, until such time that an effective alternative is identified, turf managers will be forced to forego fumigation, or they will have to choose a less-effective alternative and accept the consequences of contamination.

Keywords

Chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane)dazomet1,3-dichloropropeneiodomethanemetam-sodiummethyl bromideoxadiazonpotassium azidealexandergrass, Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) A.S. Hitchc. #3 BRAPLbermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. # CYNDAbroadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash # BRAPPcarpetweed, Mollugo verticillata L. # MOLVEpurple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus # CYPROredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMAREsharppod morningglory, Ipomoea cordatotriloba Dennstedt # IPOTCtall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea L. # IPOPUyellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. # CYPESFumigationsod, turf1,3-D, 1,3-dichloropropeneEPA, Environmental Protection AgencyIM, iodomethaneMeBr, methyl bromideMITC, methyl isothiocyanateMS, metam-sodiumPA, potassium azideWAT, weeks after treatment
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 16 , Issue 2 , June 2002 , pp. 379 - 387
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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