Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T12:56:07.449Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Glyphosate Timing and Tillage System Effects on Glyphosate-Resistant Canola (Brassica napus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

George W. Clayton ,
K. Neil Harker ,
John T. O'Donovan ,
Mirza N. Baig  and
Mark J. Kidnie
George W. Clayton*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada T4L 1W1
K. Neil Harker
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada T4L 1W1
John T. O'Donovan
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge, AB, Canada T0H 0C0
Mirza N. Baig
Affiliation:
Consulting Options Inc., 5827-181 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6M 1V7
Mark J. Kidnie
Affiliation:
Monsanto Canada Inc., 3221-119 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6J 5K7
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: claytong@em.agr.ca.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Glyphosate-resistant canola has been widely adopted in western Canada. This has prompted producer interest in the timing of glyphosate application, particularly under zero tillage, where glyphosate is often applied preseeding. Field experiments were conducted at Lacombe, Edmonton, and Beaverlodge in Alberta in 1997, 1998, and 1999 to determine the importance of preseeding glyphosate and the most effective growth stage to apply glyphosate to canola to optimize yield and weed management. Treatments consisted of zero-tillage systems, with and without preseeding glyphosate, and a conventional-tillage system involving preseeding tillage operations. Glyphosate was applied at the one- to two-, three- to four-, or five- to six-leaf stages of canola in each tillage system. Canola yield and weed dry weight were largely unaffected by the tillage system. In most instances, the highest canola yields occurred when glyphosate was applied early to the crop. The opposite occurred at Lacombe and Edmonton in 1999, however, where canola yield increased as glyphosate was applied at later crop growth stages. This yield benefit likely resulted from the control of late-emerging weeds that exerted competitive pressure on canola. Early glyphosate timing in glyphosate-resistant canola may eliminate the need for preseeding glyphosate in zero-tillage systems, and optimize yield and weed control.

Keywords

Glyphosatecanola, Brassica napus L. ‘Quest’Critical period of weed controldirect seedingpreseeding glyphosate applicationreduced tillagezero tillage
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , March 2002 , pp. 124 - 130
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ali, S. 2001. Crop Protection 2000. Agdex 606-1. Edmonton, AB, Canada: Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development. pp. 267–275.Google Scholar
Baig, M. N., Darwent, A. L., Harker, K. N., and O'Donovan, J. T. 1999. Preharvest applications of glyphosate for yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) control. Weed Technol. 13: 777–782.Google Scholar
Bradshaw, L. D., Padgette, S. R., Kimball, S. L., and Wells, B. H. 1997. Perspective on glyphosate resistance. Weed Technol. 11: 189–198.Google Scholar
Burnside, O. C., Wiens, M. J., Holder, B. J., Weisberg, S., Ristau, E. A., Johnson, M. M., and Cameron, J. H. 1998. Critical periods for weed control in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Sci. 46: 301–306.Google Scholar
Darwent, A. L., Kirkland, K. J., Baig, M. N., and Lefkovitch, L. 1994. Preharvest applications of glyphosate for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control. Weed Technol. 8: 477–482.Google Scholar
de St. Remy, E. A. and O'Sullivan, P. A. 1986. Duration of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) interference in several crops. Weed Sci. 34: 281–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derksen, D. A., Harker, K. N., and Blackshaw, R. E. 1999. Herbicide tolerant crops and weed population dynamics in western Canada. In Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference—Weeds. Farnham, Surrey, U.K.: British Crop Protection Council. pp. 417–424.Google Scholar
Hall, M. R., Swanton, C. J., and Anderson, G. W. 1992. The critical period of weed control in grain corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 40: 441–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harker, K. N., Blackshaw, R. E., and Clayton, G. W. 2001. Timing weed removal in field peas (Pisum sativum). Weed Technol. 15: 277–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harker, K. N., Blackshaw, R. E., Kirkland, K. J., Derksen, D. A., and Wall, D. 2000. Herbicide-tolerant canola: weed control and yield comparisons in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80: 647–654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heap, I. M. 2001. International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Web page: http://www.weedscience.com. Accessed: April 15, 2001.Google Scholar
Kirkland, K. J. 1990. Preharvest quackgrass (Agropyron repens L. Beauv.) control. In Proceedings of the Quackgrass Symposium, London, ON. pp. 127–134.Google Scholar
Martin, G. M., Van Acker, R. C., and Friesen, L. F. 2001. Critical period of weed control in canola. Weed Sci. 49: 326–333.Google Scholar
Maxwell, B. D. and Mortimer, A. M. 1994. Selection for herbicide resistance. In Powles, S. B. and Holtum, J.A.M., eds. Herbicide Resistance in Plants: Biology and Biochemistry. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 1–25.Google Scholar
Mulugeta, D. and Boerboom, C. M. 2000. Critical time of weed removal in glyphosate-resistant Glycine max . Weed Sci. 48: 35–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nieto, J. N., Brondo, M. A., and Gonzales, J. T. 1968. Critical periods of the growth cycle for competition from weeds. PANS (C) 14: 159–166.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T. 1992. Seed yields of canola and volunteer barley as influenced by their relative times of emergence. Can. J. Plant Sci. 72: 263–267.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T. 1994. Canola (Brassica rapa) plant density influences Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) interference, biomass and seed yield. Weed Sci. 42: 385–389.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, J. T., de St. Remy, E. A., O'Sullivan, P. A., Dew, D. A., and Sharma, A. K. 1985. Influence of the relative time of emergence of wild oat on yield loss of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci. 33: 498–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, M. G. 1982. The control of perennial broad-leaved weeds by application of the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate pre-harvest in wheat and barley. Aspects Appl. Biol. 1: 7–102.Google Scholar
O'Sullivan, P. A. and O'Donovan, J. T. 1980. Influence of various herbicides and Tween 20 on the effectiveness of glyphosate. Can. J. Plant Sci. 60: 939–945.Google Scholar
Peters, N.C.B. 1984. Time of onset of competition and effects of various fractions of an Avena fatua L. population on spring barley. Weed Res. 24: 305–315.Google Scholar
Powles, S. B., Lorraine-Colwill, D. F., Dellow, J. J., and Preston, C. 1998. Evolved resistance to glyphosate in rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Australia. Weed Sci. 46: 604–607.Google Scholar
Pratley, J., Urwin, N., Stanton, R., Baines, P., Broster, J., Cullis, K., Schafer, D., Bohn, J., and Krueger, R. 1999. Resistance to glyphosate in Lolium rigidum . Weed Sci. 47: 405–411.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1990. SAS/STAT User's Guide. 4th ed., Volume 6. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.Google Scholar
Sheppard, B. W., Richards, M. C., and Pascal, J. A. 1984. Agronomic effects from the control of Agropyron repens in barley by preharvest application of glyphosate. Weed Res. 24: 9–16.Google Scholar
Strahan, R. E., Griffin, J. L., Reynolds, D. B., and Miller, D. K. 2000. Interference between Rotboellia cochinchinensis and Zea mays . Weed Sci. 48: 205–211.Google Scholar
Swanton, C. J., Shrestha, A., Chandler, K., and Deen, W. 2000. An economic assessment of weed control strategies in no-till glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 14: 755–763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Acker, R. C., Swanton, C. J., and Wiese, S. F. 1993. The critical period of weed control in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 41: 194–200.Google Scholar
Vangessel, M. J., Ayeni, A. O., and Majek, B. A. 2000. Optimum glyphosate timing with or without residual herbicides in glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max) under full-season conventional tillage. Weed Technol. 14: 140–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wait, J. D., Johnson, W. G., and Massey, R. E. 1999. Weed management with reduced rates of glyphosate in no-till, narrow-row, glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 13: 478–483.Google Scholar
Waters, S. 1991. Glyphosate-tolerant crops for the future: developments, risks and benefits. In Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference—Weeds. Farnham, Surrey, U.K.: British Crop Protection Council. pp. 165–170.Google Scholar
Zimdahl, R. L. 1988. The concept and application of the critical weed-free period. In Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M., eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 145–155.Google Scholar