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Herbicide carryover to various fall-planted cover crop species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2019

Lucas S. Rector Open the ORCID record for Lucas S. Rector [Opens in a new window] ,
Kara B. Pittman Open the ORCID record for Kara B. Pittman [Opens in a new window] ,
Shawn C. Beam Open the ORCID record for Shawn C. Beam [Opens in a new window] ,
Kevin W. Bamber ,
Charles W. Cahoon Open the ORCID record for Charles W. Cahoon [Opens in a new window] ,
William H. Frame  and
Michael L. Flessner Open the ORCID record for Michael L. Flessner [Opens in a new window]
Lucas S. Rector
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Kara B. Pittman
Affiliation:
Research Associate, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Shawn C. Beam
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Kevin W. Bamber
Affiliation:
Research Technician, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Charles W. Cahoon
Affiliation:
Extension Weed Specialist and Assistant Professor, Crop and Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
William H. Frame
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Suffolk, VA, USA
Michael L. Flessner*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor and Extension Weed Science Specialist, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Michael Flessner, Assistant Professor and Extension Weed Science Specialist, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, 675 Old Glade Road Blacksburg, VA 24061. (E-mail: flessner@vt.edu)
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Abstract

Residual herbicides applied to summer cash crops have the potential to injure subsequent winter annual cover crops, yet little information is available to guide growers’ choices. Field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Blacksburg and Suffolk, Virginia, to determine carryover of 30 herbicides commonly used in corn, soybean, or cotton on wheat, barley, cereal rye, oats, annual ryegrass, forage radish, Austrian winter pea, crimson clover, hairy vetch, and rapeseed cover crops. Herbicides were applied to bare ground either 14 wk before cover crop planting for a PRE timing or 10 wk for a POST timing. Visible injury was recorded 3 and 6 wk after planting (WAP), and cover crop biomass was collected 6 WAP. There were no differences observed in cover crop biomass among herbicide treatments, despite visible injury that suggested some residual herbicides have the potential to effect cover crop establishment. Visible injury on grass cover crop species did not exceed 20% from any herbicide. Fomesafen resulted in the greatest injury recorded on forage radish, with greater than 50% injury in 1 site-year. Trifloxysulfuron and atrazine resulted in greater than 20% visible injury on forage radish. Trifloxysulfuron resulted in the greatest injury (30%) observed on crimson clover in 1 site-year. Prosulfuron and isoxaflutole significantly injured rapeseed (17% to 21%). Results indicate that commonly used residual herbicides applied in the previous cash crop growing season result in little injury on grass cover crop species, and only a few residual herbicides could potentially affect the establishment of a forage radish, crimson clover, or rapeseed cover crop.

Keywords

Kevin Bradley, University of MissouriAtrazineflumioxazinfomesafenisoxaflutoleprosulfurontrifloxysulfuronannual ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) HusnotAustrian winter pea, Pisum sativum L. ssp. sativum var. arvensebarley, Hordeum vulgare L.cereal rye, Secale cereale L.corn, Zea mays L.cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L.forage radish, Raphanus sativus L.hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Rothoats, Avena sativa L.rapeseed, Brassica napus L.soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Residual herbicidesconservation agriculturecover crop injury.
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 25 - 34
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

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