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Increased Carrier Volume Improves Preemergence Control of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Zero-Tillage Seeding Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Catherine P. D. Borger ,
Glen P. Riethmuller ,
Michael Ashworth ,
David Minkey ,
Abul Hashem  and
Stephen B. Powles
Catherine P. D. Borger*
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, P.O. Box 432 Merredin, WA Australia 6415
Glen P. Riethmuller
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, P.O. Box 432 Merredin, WA Australia 6415
Michael Ashworth
Affiliation:
Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, WA Australia 6009
David Minkey
Affiliation:
Western Australian No-Tillage Farmers Association, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, WA Australia 6009
Abul Hashem
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, P.O. Box 483 Northam, WA Australia 6401
Stephen B. Powles
Affiliation:
Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, WA Australia 6009
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: catherine.borger@agric.wa.gov.au
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Abstract

PRE herbicides are less effective in the zero-tillage system because of increased residual crop stubble and reduced soil incorporation. However, since weeds are not physically controlled in the zero-tillage system, reliance on efficacy of PRE herbicides is increased. This research investigated the impact of carrier volume and droplet size on the performance of PRE herbicides (in wheat crops at four sites in 2010) to improve herbicide efficacy in conditions of high stubble biomass in zero-tillage systems. Increasing carrier volume from 30 to 150 L ha−1 increased spray coverage on water-sensitive paper from an average of 5 to 32%. Average control of rigid ryegrass by trifluralin (at Cunderdin and Merredin sites) and trifluralin or pyroxasulfone (at Wickepin and Esperance sites) improved from 53 to 78% with increasing carrier volume. Use of ASABE Medium droplet size improved spray coverage compared with ASABE Extremely Coarse droplet size, but did not affect herbicide performance. It is clear that increased carrier volume improves rigid ryegrass weed control for nonwater-soluble (trifluralin) and water-soluble (pyroxasulfone) PRE herbicides. Western Australian growers often use low carrier volumes to reduce time of spray application or because sufficient high-quality water is not available, but the advantages of improved weed control justifies the use of a high carrier volume in areas of high weed density.

Los herbicidas PRE son menos efectivos en sistemas de labranza cero debido a su menor incorporación en el suelo y la mayor cantidad de residuos de cultivo. Sin embargo, como las malezas no son controladas físicamente en los sistemas de labranza cero, la dependencia en la eficacia de herbicidas PRE es mayor. Se investigó el impacto del volumen de aplicación y el tamaño de gota en el desempeño de los herbicidas PRE (en cultivos de trigo en cuatro localidades en 2010) para mejorar la eficacia de herbicidas en condiciones de alta biomasa de residuos de cultivo en sistemas de labranza cero. El incrementar el volumen de aplicación de 30 a 150 L ha−1 aumentó la cobertura de la aplicación, medida con papel sensible al agua, de 5 a 32%. El control promedio de Lolium rigidum con trifluralin (en las localidades Cunderdin y Merredin) y trifluralin o pyroxasulfone (en Wickepin y Esperance) mejoró de 53 a 78% al incrementar el volumen de aplicación. El uso de gotas ASABE de tamaño mediano mejoró la cobertura de la aspersión al compararse con gotas ASABE extremadamente grandes, pero no afectó el desempeño del herbicida. Está claro que el incrementar el volumen de aplicación mejoró el control de L. rigidum con herbicidas PRE insolubles en agua (trifluralin) y solubles en agua (pyroxasulfone). Los productores del Oeste de Australia usan frecuentemente volúmenes bajos de aplicación para reducir el tiempo de aplicación o porque no hay suficiente agua de alta calidad disponible, pero las ventajas del mayor control de malezas justifica el uso de altos volúmenes de aplicación en áreas con alta densidad de malezas.

Keywords

Pyroxasulfonetrifluralinrigid ryegrassLolium rigidum GaudinwheatTriticum aestivum L.Crop stubble residueminimum tillage seeding systemnozzlespray qualitywater ratewater-sensitive paperweed control
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 4 , December 2013 , pp. 649 - 655
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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