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Influence of Increasing Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) or Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Densities on Forage Nutritive Value and Yield in Tall Fescue Pastures and Hay Fields

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Kristin K. Rosenbaum ,
K. W. Bradley  and
Craig A. Roberts
Kristin K. Rosenbaum
Affiliation:
Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
K. W. Bradley*
Affiliation:
Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
Craig A. Roberts
Affiliation:
Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: bradleyke@missouri.edu.
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Abstract

Separate field trials were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to investigate the effects of increasing densities of common ragweed or common cocklebur on total yield and forage nutritive values in tall fescue pastures. Common ragweed densities ranged from 0 to 188 plants m−2, and common cocklebur densities ranged from 0 to 134 plants m−2. Total biomass yields (weeds plus tall fescue) were determined in response to each weed density and species; pure samples of tall fescue, common ragweed, or common cocklebur were also hand collected from each plot at the time of the total biomass harvest. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to predict crude protein (CP) concentration and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of the total harvested biomass, pure tall fescue, and pure weed species in each plot. Results indicate that biomass yields may increase by as much as 5 kg ha−1 with each additional common ragweed plant m−2 within a tall fescue stand. Additionally, CP concentration of the total harvested biomass, pure weed species, and tall fescue decreased by 0.2 to 0.4 g kg−1 with each additional increase in common ragweed or common cocklebur plant per m−2. As weed densities increased, IVTD of pure tall fescue samples increased only minimally (0.04%), regardless of the weed species. An increase in common ragweed density also resulted in the CP concentration of pure samples of common ragweed to decrease by 0.2 g kg−1 for each additional plant per m2 and by 0.4 g kg−1 for each additional common cocklebur per m2. Overall, results from these experiments indicate that plant biomass yield and nutritive values of the total harvested biomass are only marginally influenced by increasing common ragweed or common cocklebur densities.

Se efectuaron estudios de campo independientes en 2007 y 2008 para investigar los efectos de incrementos en las densidades de Ambrosia artemisiifolia o Xanthium strumarium en el rendimiento total y el valor nutritivo del forraje en pastizales de Festuca arundinacea. Las densidades de A. artemisiifolia variaron de 0 a 188 plantas m−2 y las de X. strumarium variaron de 0 a 134 plantas m−2. El rendimiento de biomasa total (malezas más F. arundinacea) se determinó en respuesta a la densidad de cada maleza y especie; muestras puras de F. arundinacea, A. artemisiifolia o X. strumarium se recolectaron manualmente en cada parcela al momento de la cosecha de la biomasa total. Se utilizó espectroscopia NIR para predecir la concentración de proteína cruda (CP) y la digestibilidad verdadera in vitro (IVTD) de la biomasa total cosechada, de F. arundinacea pura y de las muestras puras de maleza recolectadas en cada parcela. Los resultados indican que los rendimientos de la biomasa pueden incrementarse hasta 5 kg ha−1 con cada planta adicional de A. artemisiifolia por m2 dentro de una plantación de F. arundinacea. Adicionalmente, la concentración CP de la biomasa total cosechada, de las especies puras de maleza y de F. arundinacea disminuyó de 0.2 a 0.4 g kg−1, con cada planta adicional de A. artemisiifolia o X. strumarium por m2. Al incrementarse las densidades de la maleza, la IVTD de las muestras puras de F. arundinacea aumentó mínimamente (0.04%), sin importar la especie de maleza. Un incremento en la densidad de A. artemisiifolia también resultó en una reducción de 0.2 g kg−1en la concentración CP de muestras puras de la misma maleza, por cada planta adicional por m2 y por 0.4 g kg−1, por cada planta adicional de X. strumarium por m2. En general, los resultados de estos experimentos indican que el rendimiento y los valores nutritivos del total de la biomasa cosechada son solo marginalmente influenciados por el incremento en las densidades de A. artemisiifolia o X. strumarium.

Keywords

Common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia (L.)common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium (L.)tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea SchrebNutritive valuebiomass yieldcrude protein (CP)in vitro true digestibility (IVTD)and plant density
Type
Weed Management—Other Crops/Areas
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , June 2011 , pp. 222 - 229
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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