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Investigating low-dose herbicide programs for goosegrass (Eleusine indica) and smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) control on creeping bentgrass greens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 July 2021

John R. Brewer Open the ORCID record for John R. Brewer [Opens in a new window]  and
Shawn D. Askew Open the ORCID record for Shawn D. Askew [Opens in a new window]
John R. Brewer
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Shawn D. Askew*
Affiliation:
Professor, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA; USA
*
Author for correspondence: Shawn D. Askew, Glade Road Research Facility, 675 Old Glade Rd., Blacksburg, VA24073 Email: saskew@vt.edu
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Abstract

Only four herbicides are registered for smooth crabgrass or goosegrass control on creeping bentgrass golf putting greens. None of the four herbicides control weedy grasses for the entire season or control weeds postemergence when applied once at labeled rates. Three of the product labels prohibit repeated use or application during stressful summer conditions. We hypothesized frequently applying herbicides at low doses could provide season-long control of summer grasses while minimizing turf injury. Seven field experiments were conducted on creeping bentgrass putting greens to evaluate various herbicides applied monthly, biweekly, or weekly for postemergence and residual control of goosegrass and smooth crabgrass as well as creeping bentgrass putting green tolerance. Metamifop applied twice monthly at 200 g ai ha−1, topramezone applied eight times weekly at 1.5 g ae ha−1, and siduron applied weekly at 5.6 kg ai ha−1 or four times biweekly at 11 kg ha−1 did not injure creeping bentgrass greater than 10% and maintained creeping bentgrass quality and cover equivalent to nontreated turf. Weekly or biweekly programs of fenoxaprop or quinclorac caused unacceptable injury and quality decline. Metamifop applied monthly and either fenoxaprop program controlled both smooth crabgrass and goosegrass by 97% to 99% throughout the growing season. Programs containing either quinclorac or siduron controlled smooth crabgrass by 99% to 100% but did not control goosegrass greater than 39%. All topramezone programs controlled smooth crabgrass by 69% to 77% and goosegrass by 93% to 98%. In additional studies, siduron applied five times biweekly did not injure creeping bentgrass on putting greens and controlled smooth crabgrass by more than 90% at seasonal, cumulative rates between 17 and 65 kg ai ha−1. This method of frequent, low-dose herbicide treatment to control smooth crabgrass and goosegrass on golf putting greens is novel and currently could be legally implemented with siduron.

Keywords

fenoxapropmetamifopquincloracsidurontopramezonegoosegrassEleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.smooth crabgrassDigitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex. Muhl.creeping bentgrassAgrostis stolonifera L.ACCase inhibitordigital image analysisfield analyzer softwareHPPD inhibitorphotosystem II inhibitorturfgrass injury and quality
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 35 , Issue 4 , August 2021 , pp. 604 - 610
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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