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Late-Emerging Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) Interference in Conventional Tillage Corn

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Joseph C. Cordes ,
William G. Johnson ,
Peter Scharf  and
Reid J. Smeda
Joseph C. Cordes
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
William G. Johnson*
Affiliation:
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47905
Peter Scharf
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
Reid J. Smeda
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: wgjohnso@purdue.edu
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Abstract

Waterhemp has emerged as one of the most problematic weeds in agronomic crops in the Midwest because of an extended germination period and widespread occurrence of biotypes resistant to atrazine and sulfonylurea herbicides. However, the competitive effects of late-emerging cohorts on corn yield are not known. Field studies were conducted in 2001 and 2002 at Columbia, Novelty, and Albany, MO, to determine the effects of late-emerging waterhemp interference on corn growth, nitrogen (N) accumulation, and yield. Waterhemp emerged approximately 20 d after planting (DAP) and was treated at heights of 8, 15, 23, 31, 38, or 46 cm with directed applications of dicamba + diflufenzopyr followed by hand hoeing. Soil water status, corn leaf chlorophyll content, and corn and common waterhemp height were recorded at the time of waterhemp removal. N stress was detected with a chlorophyll meter at four of six removal timings at high waterhemp densities (362 or more plants/m2) but only at one of six removal timings at lower densities (82 or less plants/m2). Water stress was observed at five of the six removal timings at high densities but at none of the removal timings at low densities. High waterhemp densities reduced corn yield when allowed to reach 15 cm before removal, and yields were reduced 36% when not controlled. At low densities, yield losses did not occur unless waterhemp was allowed to remain with corn season long. Our research suggests that waterhemp is less competitive with corn than redroot pigweed, smooth pigweed, and Palmer amaranth. In addition, low densities of late-emerging waterhemp would not warrant removal to protect corn yield.

Keywords

Atrazinedicambadiflufenzopyrsulfonylureacommon waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer. #3 AMATAPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L.smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L.corn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 34B28’Chlorophyll contentnitrogen accumulationsoil moisture deficitCEC, cation exchange capacityDAP, days after plantingK, potassiumN, nitrogenOM, organic matterP, phosphorusSPAD, single photon avalanche diodeTDR, time domain reflectrometryVWC, volumetric water content.
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 18 , Issue 4 , December 2004 , pp. 999 - 1005
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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