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Leaching of Indaziflam Compared with Residual Herbicides Commonly Used in Florida Citrus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Amit J. Jhala  and
Megh Singh
Amit J. Jhala*
Affiliation:
Weed Research Program, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
Megh Singh
Affiliation:
Weed Research Program, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: amit@ufl.edu
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Abstract

Soil-applied herbicides are commonly used for broad-spectrum residual weed control in Florida citrus. Groundwater contamination from some soil-applied herbicides has been reported in citrus growing areas in Florida. Indaziflam is a new soil-applied herbicide recently registered for broad-spectrum weed control in Florida citrus. There is no information available on leaching behavior of indaziflam in sandy soil. Experiments were conducted to compare leaching of indaziflam with five commercially used residual herbicides in a Florida Candler soil under simulated rainfall of 5 or 15 cm ha−1. Herbicide movement down soil columns was measured by visually evaluating injury and harvesting aboveground biomass of the bioassay species annual ryegrass. Ryegrass was not injured and plant biomass was not affected beyond 30 cm when indaziflam at a recommended rate of 73 g ai ha−1 was leached through the soil column. Leaching of indaziflam increased with increasing amounts of rainfall. For example, indaziflam leached up to 12.2 ± 0.8 cm (values are expressed ± SD) and 27.2 ± 2.6 cm at 5 and 15 cm ha−1 rainfall, respectively. The herbicide ranking from high to low mobility at 15 cm ha−1 of rainfall was bromacil = norflurazon > indaziflam > simazine = pendimethalin > diuron. Overall results suggested that indaziflam leaching was limited in Florida Candler soil in this study; however, field experiments are required to confirm the leaching of indaziflam under natural rainfall situation.

Herbicidas aplicados al suelo son comúnmente usados para el control residual de amplio espectro de malezas en cítricos en Florida. En zonas productoras de cítricos en dicho estado se ha reportado la contaminación de aguas subterráneas con algunos herbicidas aplicados al suelo. Indaziflam es un nuevo herbicida aplicado al suelo recientemente registrado para control de amplio espectro de malezas en cítricos en Florida. No hay información disponible acerca del comportamiento de lixiviación de indaziflam en suelos arenosos. Se realizaron experimentos para comparar la lixiviación de indaziflam con cinco herbicidas residuales usados comercialmente en un suelo Florida Candler bajo lluvia simulada de 5 ó 15 cm ha−1. Se midió el movimiento de herbicidas en columnas de suelo con un bioensayo evaluando visualmente el daño y cosechando la biomasa aérea de la especie Lolium multiflorum. Esta especie indicadora no fue dañada y la biomasa no se afectó más abajo de los 30 cm cuando indaziflam, aplicado a la dosis recomendada de 73 g ai ha−1, se lixivió a través de la columna de suelo. La lixiviación de indaziflam incrementó con cantidades crecientes de lluvia. Por ejemplo, indaziflam se lixivió 12.2 ± 0.8 cm y 27.2 ± 2.6 cm a 5 y 15 cm ha−1, respectivamente. El ranking de herbicidas de mayor a menor movilidad a 15 cm ha−1 de lluvia fue bromacil = norflurazon > indaziflam > simazine = pendimethalin > diuron. Los resultados generales sugieren que la lixiviación de indaziflam fue limitada en el suelo Florida Candler en este estudio. Sin embargo, experimentos de campo son necesarios para confirmar la lixiviación de indaziflam bajo una situación de lluvia natural.

Keywords

Bromacildiuronindaziflam {N-[(1R, 2S)-2,3-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-yl]-6-[(1RS)-1fluoroethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine}norflurazonpendimethalinsimazineannual ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum L.Contaminationgroundwaterherbicide leachinginjurypollutionsoil-applied
Type
Special Topics
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , September 2012 , pp. 602 - 607
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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