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Modeling Glyphosate Resistance Management Strategies for Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Cotton

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Paul Neve*
Affiliation:
School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwickshire CV35 9EF, United Kingdom
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
University of Arkansas, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Kenneth L. Smith
Affiliation:
University of Arkansas, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 1408 Scogin Drive, University of Arkansas–Monticello, Monticello, AR 71656
Ian A. Zelaya
Affiliation:
Weed Control Research, Syngenta LTD, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: p.neve@warwick.ac.uk

Abstract

A simulation model is used to explore management options to mitigate risks of glyphosate resistance evolution in Palmer amaranth in glyphosate-resistant cotton in the southern United States. Our first analysis compares risks of glyphosate resistance evolution for seven weed-management strategies in continuous glyphosate-resistant cotton monoculture. In the “worst-case scenario” with five applications of glyphosate each year and no other herbicides applied, evolution of glyphosate resistance was predicted in 74% of simulated populations. In other strategies, glyphosate was applied with various combinations of preplant, PRE, and POST residual herbicides. The most effective strategy included four glyphosate applications with a preplant fomesafen application, and POST tank mixtures of glyphosate plus S-metolachlor followed by glyphosate plus flumioxazin. This strategy reduced the resistance risk to 12% of populations. A second series of simulations compared strategies where glyphosate-resistant cotton was grown in one-to-one rotations with corn or cotton with other herbicide resistance traits. In general, crop rotation reduced risks of resistance by approximately 50% and delayed the evolution of resistance by 2 to 3 yr. These analyses demonstrate that risks of glyphosate resistance evolution in Palmer amaranth can be reduced by reducing glyphosate use within and among years, controlling populations with diverse herbicide modes of action, and ensuring that population size is kept low. However, no strategy completely eliminated the risk of glyphosate resistance.

Se utilizó un modelo de simulación para explorar opciones de manejo que mitiguen los riesgos de evolución de resistencia al glyphosate en Amaranthus palmeri en algodón resistente al glyphosate en el sur de los EE UU. Nuestro primer análisis compara los riesgos de evolución de resistencia al glyphosate para siete estrategias de manejo de malezas en un monocultivo continuo de algodón resistente al glyphosate. En el “peor escenario”, con cinco aplicaciones de glyphosate cada año y sin usar otros herbicidas, se predijo la evolución de resistencia al herbicida en 74% de las poblaciones simuladas. En otras estrategias, el glyphosate se aplicó con varias combinaciones de herbicidas residuales en pre-siembra, PRE y POST. La estrategia más efectiva incluyó cuatro aplicaciones de glyphosate con una aplicación pre-siembra de fomesafen, y aplicaciones POST con mezclas en tanque de glyphosate más S-metolachlor, seguidas de glyphosate más flumioxazin. Esta estrategia redujo el riesgo de resistencia a 12% de las poblaciones. Una segunda serie de simulaciones comparó estrategias donde el algodón resistente al glyphosate se cultivó en rotaciones una-a-una con maíz o algodón resistente a otros herbicidas. En general, la rotación de cultivos redujo los riesgos de resistencia en aproximadamente 50% y retrasó la evolución de la resistencia de 2 a 3 años. Estos análisis demuestran que los riesgos de evolución de resistencia al glyphosate en A. palmeri pueden ser disminuidos, reduciendo el uso del glyphosate durante y entre años, controlando las poblaciones con herbicidas de diversos modos de acción y asegurando que el tamaño de las poblaciones se mantenga bajo. Sin embargo, ninguna estrategia eliminó completamente los riegos de resistencia al glyphosate.

Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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