Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T05:34:58.642Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Narrow-windrow burning to control seeds of Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) in wheat and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in soybean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2022

Matthew P. Spoth Open the ORCID record for Matthew P. Spoth [Opens in a new window] ,
Steven C. Haring Open the ORCID record for Steven C. Haring [Opens in a new window] ,
Wesley Everman Open the ORCID record for Wesley Everman [Opens in a new window] ,
Chris Reberg-Horton Open the ORCID record for Chris Reberg-Horton [Opens in a new window] ,
Wykle C. Greene Open the ORCID record for Wykle C. Greene [Opens in a new window]  and
Michael L. Flessner Open the ORCID record for Michael L. Flessner [Opens in a new window]
Matthew P. Spoth
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Steven C. Haring
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Wesley Everman
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Chris Reberg-Horton
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Wykle C. Greene
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Michael L. Flessner*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Michael L. Flessner, 675 Old Glade Rd., Blacksburg, VA 24061. Email: flessner@vt.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Narrow-windrow burning (NWB) is a form of harvest weed seed control in which crop residues and weed seeds collected by the combine are concentrated into windrows and subsequently burned. The objectives of this study were to determine how NWB will 1) affect seed survival of Italian ryegrass in wheat and Palmer amaranth in soybean and 2) determine whether a relationship exists between NWB heat index (HI; the sum of temperatures above ambient) or effective burn time (EBT; the cumulative number of seconds temperatures exceed 200 C) and the post-NWB seed survival of both species. Average soybean and wheat windrow HI totaled 140,725 ± 14,370 and 66,196 ± 6224 C, and 259 ± 27 and 116 ± 12 s of EBT, respectively. Pre-NWB versus post-NWB germinability testing revealed an estimated seed kill rate of 79.7% for Italian ryegrass, and 86.3% for Palmer amaranth. Non-linear two-parameter exponential regressions between seed kill and HI or EBT indicated NWB at an HI of 146,000 C and 277 s of EBT potentially kills 99% of Palmer amaranth seed. Seventy-six percent of soybean windrow burning events resulted in estimated Palmer amaranth seed kill rates greater than 85%. Predicted Italian ryegrass seed kill was greater than 97% in all but two wheat NWB events; therefore, relationships were not calculated. These results validate the effectiveness of the ability of NWB to reduce seed survival, thereby improving weed management and combating herbicide resistance.

Keywords

Italian ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. ssp multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot. LOLMUPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson, AMAPAsoybeanGlycine max (L.) Merr.wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Harvest weed seed controlheat indexeffective burn timethermal weed seed killsoil seedbankweed seed viabilityweed seed longevity
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 36 , Issue 5 , October 2022 , pp. 716 - 722
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Michael Walsh, University of Sydney

References

Bararpour, MT, Norsworthy, JK, Burgos, NR, Korres, NE, Gbur, EE (2017) Identification and biological characteristics of ryegrass (Lolium spp.) accessions in Arkansas. Weed Sci 65:350–360 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beam, SC, Mirsky, S, Cahoon, C, Haak, D, Flessner, M (2019) Harvest weed seed control of Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot], common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson). Weed Technol 33:627–632 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckie, HJ (2006) Herbicide-resistant weeds: management tactics and practices. Weed Technol 20:793–814 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blouin, DC, Webster, EP, Bond, JA (2011) On the analysis of combined experiments. Weed Technol 25:165–169 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borger, CPD, Petersen, D, Gill, GS (2021) Modelling the long-term impact of harvest weed seed control for species like Bromus diandrus and Hordeum spp. that shed a portion of seed prior to harvest. Weed Res 61:307–316 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlquist, RM, Prather, TS, Stapleton, JJ (2007) Time and temperature requirements for weed seed thermal death. Weed Sci 55:619–625 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glasner, C, Vieregge, C, Robert, J, Fenselau, J, Bitarafan, Z, Andreasen, C (2019) Evaluation of new harvesting methods to reduce weeds on arable fields and collect a new feedstock. Energies 12:1688 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, JK, Norsworthy, JK, Scott, RC (2014) Narrow-windrow burning of soybean chaff in an effort to decrease the return of weed seed to the soil seedbank. Arkansas Soybean Res Stud 2014 Google Scholar
Harker, KN, O’Donovan, JT (2013) Recent weed control, weed management, and integrated weed management. Weed Technol 27:1–11 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heap, I (2014) Global perspective of herbicide-resistant weeds. Pest Manag Sci 70:1306–1315 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heap, I (2022) The international survey of herbicide resistant weeds. https://www.weedscience.org. Accessed: September 28, 2022Google Scholar
Hopkins, CY (1936) Thermal death point of certain weed seeds. Can J Res 14c:178–183 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holshouser, D (2014) Double-Cropping Soybean in Virginia. VCE Pub. CSES – 102NP. Blacksburg: Virginia Coopertive ExtensionGoogle Scholar
Horak, MJ, Peterson, DE (1995) Biotypes of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) are resistant to imazethapyr and thifensulfuron. Weed Technol 9:192–195 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoyle, JA, McElroy, JS (2012) Relationship between temperature and heat duration on large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), Virginia buttonweed (Diodia virginiana), and cock’s-comb kyllinga (Kyllinga squamulata) seed mortality. Weed Technol 26:800–806 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, V, Singh, S, Chhokar, RS, Malik, RK, Brainard, DC, Ladha, JK (2013) Weed management strategies to reduce herbicide use in zero-till rice–wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Weed Technol 27:241–254 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyon, DJ, Huggins, DR, Spring, JF (2016) Windrow burning eliminates Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) seed viability. Weed Technol 30:279–283 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maity, A, Young, B, Schwartz-Lazaro, LM, Korres, N, Walsh, MJ, Norsworthy, JK, Bagavathiannan, M (2022) Seedbank management through an integration of harvest-time and post-harvest tactics for Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) in wheat. Weed Technol 36:187–196 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, JK, Green, JK, Barber, T, Roberts, TL, Walsh, MJ (2020) Seed destruction of weeds in southern US crops using heat and narrow-windrow burning. Weed Technol 34:589–596 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, JK, Griffith, GM, Scott, RC, Smith, KL, Oliver, LR (2008) Confirmation and control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Arkansas. Weed Technol 22:108–113 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, JK, Korres, NE, Walsh, MJ, Powles, SB (2016) Integrating herbicide programs with harvest weed seed control and other fall management practices for the control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Weed Sci 64:540–550 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, JK, Ward, SM, Shaw, DR, Llewellyn, RS, Nichols, RL, Webster, TM, Bradley, KW, Frisvold, G, Powles, SB, Burgos, NR, Witt, WW, Barrett, M (2012) Reducing the risks of herbicide resistance: Best management practices and recommendations. Weed Sci 60(SPI):31–62 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, KM, Schwartz-Lazaro, LM, LaBiche, G, Stephenson, DO (2021) Effects of narrow-windrow burning on weed dynamics in soybean in Louisiana. Front Agron 3:1–7 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
San Martín, C, Thorne, ME, Gourlie, JA, Lyon, DJ, Barroso, J (2021) Seed retention of grass weeds at wheat harvest in the Pacific Northwest. Weed Sci 69:238–246 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz-Lazaro, LM, Green, JK, Norsworthy, JK (2017) Seed retention of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in soybean. Weed Technol 31:617–622 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz-Lazaro, LM, Shergill, LS, Evans, JA, Bagavathiannan, MV, Beam, SC, Bish, MD, Bond, JA, Bradley, KW, Curran, WS, Davis, AS, Everman, WJ, Flessner, ML, Haring, SC, Jordan, NR, Korres, NE, Lindquist, JL, Norsworthy, JK, Sanders, TL, Steckel, LE, Vangessel, MJ, Young, B, Mirsky, SB (2021) Seed-shattering phenology at soybean harvest of economically important weeds in multiple regions of the United States. Part 1: Broadleaf species. Weed Sci 69:95–103 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shergill, LS, Schwartz-Lazaro, LM, Leon, R, Ackroyd, VJ, Flessner, ML, Bagavathiannan, M, Everman, W, Norsworthy, JK, VanGessel, MJ, Mirsky, SB (2020) Current outlook and future research needs for harvest weed seed control in North American cropping systems. Pest Manag Sci 76:3887–3895 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Somerville, GJ, Powles, SB, Walsh, MJ, Renton, M (2018) Modeling the impact of harvest weed seed control on herbicide-resistance evolution. Weed Sci 66:395–403 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, M, Newman, P (2007) Burning narrow windrows for weed seed destruction. Field Crop Res 104:24–30 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, M, Newman, P, Powles, S (2013) Targeting weed seeds in-crop: A new weed control paradigm for global agriculture. Weed Technol 27:431–436 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, M, Ouzman, J, Newman, P, Powles, S, Llewellyn, R (2017a) High levels of adoption indicate that harvest weed seed control is now an established weed control practice in Australian cropping. Weed Technol 31:341–347 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, MJ, Aves, C, Powles, SB (2017b) Harvest weed seed control systems are similarly effective on rigid ryegrass. Weed Technol 31:178–183 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, MJ, Broster, JC, Schwartz-Lazaro, LM, Norsworthy, JK, Davis, AS, Tidemann, BD, Beckie, HJ, Lyon, DJ, Soni, N, Neve, P, Bagavathiannan, MV (2018) Opportunities and challenges for harvest weed seed control in global cropping systems. Pest Manag Sci 74:2235–2245 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walsh, MJ, Powles, SB (2007) Management strategies for herbicide-resistant weed populations in Australian dryland crop production systems. Weed Technol 21:332–338 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, MJ, Powles, SB (2014) High seed retention at maturity of annual weeds infesting crop fields highlights the potential for harvest weed seed control. Weed Technol 28:486–493 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, SM, Webster, TM, Steckel, LE (2013) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri): A review. Weed Technol 27:12–27 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, TM, Nichols, RL (2012) Changes in the prevalence of weed species in the major agronomic crops of the Southern United States: 1994/1995 to 2008/2009. Weed Sci 60:145–157 CrossRefGoogle Scholar