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Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control by Glufosinate plus Fluometuron Applied Postemergence to WideStrike® Cotton

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Kelly A. Barnett ,
A. Stanley Culpepper ,
Alan C. York  and
Lawrence E. Steckel
Kelly A. Barnett
Affiliation:
University of Tennessee, Department of Plant Sciences, 605 Airways Blvd., Jackson, TN 38301
A. Stanley Culpepper
Affiliation:
University of Georgia, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, P. O. Box 478, Tifton, GA 31794
Alan C. York
Affiliation:
North Carolina State University, Department of Crop Science, Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695
Lawrence E. Steckel*
Affiliation:
University of Tennessee, Department of Plant Sciences, 605 Airways Blvd., Jackson, TN 38301
*
Corresponding author's Email: lsteckel@utk.edu
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Abstract

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds, especially GR Palmer amaranth, are very problematic for cotton growers in the Southeast and Midsouth regions of the United States. Glufosinate can control GR Palmer amaranth, and growers are transitioning to glufosinate-based systems. Palmer amaranth must be small for consistently effective control by glufosinate. Because this weed grows rapidly, growers are not always timely with applications. With widespread resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides, growers have few herbicide options to mix with glufosinate to improve control of larger weeds. In a field study using a WideStrike® cotton cultivar, we evaluated fluometuron at 140 to 1,120 g ai ha−1 mixed with the ammonium salt of glufosinate at 485 g ae ha−1 for control of GR Palmer amaranth 13 and 26 cm tall. Standard PRE- and POST-directed herbicides were included in the systems. Glufosinate alone injured the WideStrike® cotton less than 10%. Fluometuron increased injury up to 25% but did not adversely affect yield. Glufosinate controlled 13-cm Palmer amaranth at least 90%, and there was no improvement in weed control nor a cotton yield response to fluometuron mixed with glufosinate. Palmer amaranth 26 cm tall was controlled only 59% by glufosinate. Fluometuron mixed with glufosinate increased control of the larger weeds up to 28% and there was a trend for greater yields. However, delaying applications until weeds were 26 cm reduced yield 22% relative to timely application. Our results suggest fluometuron mixed with glufosinate may be of some benefit when attempting to control large Palmer amaranth. However, mixing fluometuron with glufosinate is not a substitute for a timely glufosinate application.

Las malezas resistentes a glyphosate (GR), especialmente Amaranthus palmeri GR, son muy problemáticas para los productores de algodón en las regiones Sureste y Sur-medio de los Estados Unidos. Glufosinate puede controlar A. palmeri GR, y los productores están cambiando a los sistemas basados en glufosinate. A. palmeri debe estar pequeño para el control consistentemente efectivo con glufosinate. Debido a que esta maleza crece rápidamente, los productores no siempre realizan las aplicaciones a tiempo. Con la resistencia a herbicidas inhibidores de acetolactate synthase ampliamente distribuida, los productores tienen pocas opciones de herbicidas para mezclar con glufosinate para así mejorar el control de malezas más grandes. En un estudio de campo usando un cultivar de algodón WideStrike®, evaluamos fluometuron a 140 a 1,120 g ai ha−1 en mezcla con sal amónica de glufosinate a 485 g ae ha−1 para el control de A. palmeri GR con alturas de 13 y 26 cm. Herbicidas estándar en PRE y POST-dirigido se incluyeron en los sistemas. Glufosinate solo dañó el algodón WideStrike® menos de 10%. Fluometuron incrementó el daño hasta 25%, pero no afectó el rendimiento en forma adversa. Glufosinate controló A. palmeri de 13 cm al menos 90%, y no hubo mejora en el control de malezas ni respuesta en el rendimiento del algodón al fluometuron en mezcla con glufosinate. A. palmeri de 26 cm de altura fue controlado solamente en 59% con glufosinate. Fluometuron mezclado con glufosinate incrementó el control de las malezas más grandes hasta un 28% y hubo una tendencia a obtener mayores rendimientos. Sin embargo, al retrasar las aplicaciones hasta que las malezas tuvieron 26 cm redujo el rendimiento 22% en relación a la aplicación en el momento adecuado. Nuestros resultados sugieren que fluometuron mezclado con glufosinate podría ser de algún beneficio cuando se intenta controlar A. palmeri más grandes. Sin embargo, el mezclar fluometuron con glufosinate no es un sustituto para la aplicación a tiempo con glufosinate.

Keywords

FluometuronglufosinateglyphosatePalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Watscotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.Application timingcotton cultivar ‘PHY 375 WRF'herbicide mixturesherbicide-resistant weeds
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , June 2013 , pp. 291 - 297
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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