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Potential Allelopathic Effects of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) Leaf Tissues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Franco Tesio ,
Leslie A. Weston ,
Francesco Vidotto  and
Aldo Ferrero
Franco Tesio*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Agronomia, Selvicoltura e Gestione del Territorio, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
Leslie A. Weston
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853
Francesco Vidotto
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Agronomia, Selvicoltura e Gestione del Territorio, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
Aldo Ferrero
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Agronomia, Selvicoltura e Gestione del Territorio, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: franco.tesio@unito.it.
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Abstract

Jerusalem artichoke has been reported to colonize several ecological niches and agronomic crops in southern Europe. This plant is also of interest because of its high biomass production and its potential to produce ethanol for biofuel. Allelopathy may be an advantageous trait in Jerusalem artichoke under cultivation, as it potentially reduces weed interference with the crop, theoretically allowing a reduction of mechanical or chemical input required for weed management. However, this trait may also be unfavorable if other crops are cultivated in rotation with Jerusalem artichoke or in areas infested by this species. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of selected diverse crops (wheat, lettuce, corn, tomato, rice, and zucchini) and weeds (barnyardgrass, black nightshade, common lambsquarters, common purslane, large crabgrass, and pigweed) to the presence of Jerusalem artichoke dried leaf tissues in laboratory experiments performed under controlled conditions. The simulated soil incorporation of different Jerusalem artichoke residues (four cultivars and a weedy population) was carried out in a series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments. Jerusalem artichoke reduced the radicle growth of seedling lettuce (60%), tomato (30%), large crabgrass (70%), and barnyardgrass (30%), whereas total germination of these species was less affected. Sensitivity to Jerusalem artichoke residues was species dependent; germination and initial growth of corn were not affected, whereas winter wheat, lettuce, tomato, rice, and zucchini seedlings were more sensitive to residue presence. Our experiments show that both wild and cultivated decomposing Jerusalem artichoke residues, particularly leaves and stems, possess phytotoxic potential. Additional field experimentation remains to be conducted to determine if allelopathy in the field contributes to its invasibility.

Ha sido reportado que el Topinambur coloniza varios niquio ecológicas y cultivos agronómicos en el sur de Europa y especialmente en Italia. Esta planta es de interés también, por su elevada producción de biomasa y su potencial de producir etanol para biocarburantes. La alelopatía puede ser una característica vantajosa Topinambur cultivado, porque reduce potencialmente la interferencia de las malezas con los cultivos, y permite teóricamente una reducción de los aportes mecánicos y/o químicos necesarios para el manejo de las malezas. Sin embargo, esta característica puede ser también desfavorable si otros cultivos se manejan en rotación con el Topinambur o en áreas infestadas por esta especie. El objetivo de este trabajo fue de investigar la sensibilidad de algunos cultivos (trigo, lechuga, maíz, tomate, arroz y calabacín) y de algunas malezas (Echinochloa crus-galli, Solanum nigrum, Chenopodium album, Portulaca oleracea, D. sanguinalis y Amaranthus retroflexus) frente a la presencia de tejidos foliares secos de Topinambur, en un experimento de laboratorio realizado en condiciones controladas. La incorporación simulada de diferentes residuos de Topinambur en el suelo (4 cultivares y una populación de maleza) se realizó a través de series de experimentos de laboratorio y de invernadero. El Topinambur redujo el crecimiento radical de las plántulas de lechuga (60%), tomate (30%), D. sanguinalis (70%) y Echinochloa crus-galli (30%), mientras que la germinación total de estas especies ha sido menos afectada. La sensibilidad a los residuos de Topinambur fue especie dependiente; la germinación y el crecimiento inicial del maíz no han sido afectados, mientras que las plántulas de trigo, lechuga, tomate, arróz y calabacín fueron más sensibles a la presencia de los residuos. Nuestro experimento muestra como los residuos decompuestos de ambos Topinambur, cultivados y selváticos, particularmente de hojas y tallos, tienen un potencial fitotóxico. Suplementarios experimentos de campo deben ser conducidos para determinar si la alelopatía en campo contribuye a la invasibilidad del Topinambur a través de Italia.

Keywords

Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus L.barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ECHCGblack nightshade, Solanum nigrum L. SOLNIcommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEALcommon purslane, Portulaca oleracea POROLcorn, Zea mays L.large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSAlettuce, Lactuca sativa L.pea, Pisum sativum L.redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMARErice, Oryza sativa L.tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Millwheat, Triticum aestivum L.zucchini, Cucurbita pepo L.Phytotoxicityresidue degradationcrop rotationplant invasion
Type
Weed Management—Techniques
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , September 2010 , pp. 378 - 385
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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