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Relationships between soil, forage, and grazing parameter effects on weed incidence in Missouri pastures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 December 2019

Gatlin Bunton ,
Zachary Trower  and
Kevin W. Bradley Open the ORCID record for Kevin W. Bradley [Opens in a new window]
Gatlin Bunton
Affiliation:
Former: Graduate Research Assistant, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Zachary Trower
Affiliation:
Former: Graduate Research Assistant, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Kevin W. Bradley*
Affiliation:
Professor, University of Missouri, 201 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO65211USA
*
Author for correspondence: Kevin W. Bradley, Division of Plant Sciences, 108 Waters Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211. Email: bradleyke@missouri.edu
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Abstract

During the 2015, 2016, and 2017 growing seasons, a survey of 63 pastures in Missouri was conducted to determine the effects of selected soil and forage parameters on the density of common annual, biennial, and perennial weed species. Permanent sampling areas were established in each pasture at a frequency of one representative 20-m2 area per 4 ha of pasture, and weed species and density in each area were determined at 14-d intervals for a period from mid-April until late September. The parameters evaluated included soil pH, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) concentrations, as well as tall fescue density, forage groundcover density, and stocking rate. An increase of 1 unit in soil pH was associated with 146 fewer weeds per hectare, the largest reduction in weed density in response to any soil parameter. Increased soil pH was associated with the greatest reduction in perennial grass weed density, along with an average reduction of 1,410 brush weeds per hectare for each 1-unit increase in soil pH. Common ragweed, a widespread weed of pastures, could be reduced by 3,056 weeds ha−1 when soil pH was 1 unit greater. A 1-ppm increase in soil P was correlated with a decrease of 206 biennial broadleaf weeds per hectare. Perennial broadleaf weed density was reduced in soils with greater concentrations of P, K, and Ca. Additionally, for every 1% increase of tall fescue and forage groundcover, there was a decrease of 18 and 38 perennial broadleaf weeds per hectare. The results from this research indicate that the density of many common weed species can be reduced with higher soil pH and adjustments to soil macro- and micronutrient concentrations, especially P.

Keywords

Grazingweeds and nutrient relationshipsCommon ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.tall fescue, Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 3 , June 2020 , pp. 408 - 415
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Patrick E. McCullough, University of Georgia

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