Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T06:11:25.021Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Residual Herbicide Effect on Interseeded Annual Clover in Southern Forage Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2018

Jennifer J. Tucker ,
M. Kimberly Mullenix ,
Stephen F. Enloe  and
Pat L. Burch
Jennifer J. Tucker*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
M. Kimberly Mullenix
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Animal Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
Stephen F. Enloe
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Pat L. Burch
Affiliation:
Field Scientist, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Jennifer J. Tucker, Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793. (Email: jjtucker@uga.edu)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Across the southeastern United States, pyridine carboxylic acid herbicides are widely used for broadleaf weed control in permanent grass pastures. This family of herbicides has proved very successful for controlling most broadleaf weeds commonly present in southeastern pastures and hayfields. In the southern United States, producers have expressed concern when overseeding legume species into warm-season perennial sods following application of commonly used pyridine carboxylic acid herbicides, as legumes are generally highly sensitive to this herbicide family. Field experiments were established to evaluate two herbicide treatment programs (residual vs nonresidual) on crimson clover overseeded into bermudagrass sod. The residual herbicide program included aminopyralid plus 2,4-D (0.09 + 0.7 kg ae ha–1), and the nonresidual program included triclopyr plus fluroxypyr (0.63 + 0.21 kg ae ha–1) plus 2,4-D (1.12 kg ae ha–1). Herbicide programs were applied at two key timings: in spring (May) and early summer (June). Spring applications were also evaluated when used in single vs repeated annual application. Our results did not indicate soil residual herbicide issues for crimson clover planted in the fall following spring or early-summer application of aminopyralid + 2,4-D at either location. Additionally, there were no cumulative negative impacts on crimson clover following 2 yr of spring herbicide application. Crimson clover cover, however, strongly decreased as grass and weed cover increased––an event that may be related to greater interspecific competition at higher levels of grass and weed cover. Soil fertility, weather, and competition from resident annual grasses and weeds strongly influenced productivity, suggesting that changes in pasture dynamics had a greater influence on clover productivity than did herbicide treatment or timing of application.

Keywords

Andrew Kniss, University of WyomingAminopyralidfluroxypyrtriclopyr2,4-Dbermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (Pers.) L.crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum LApplication timingforage cropsherbicide carryoverlegume plantback
Type
Weed Biology and Competition
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 32 , Issue 4 , August 2018 , pp. 454 - 460
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anonymous (2011) DMA® 4 IVM herbicide label. Dow AgroSciences. http://www.cdms.net/ldat/ld4JS003.pdf. Accessed: September 30, 2016Google Scholar
Anonymous (2015) GrazonNext® HL herbicide label. Dow AgroSciences. http://www.cdms.net/ldat/ldA6K014.pdf. Accessed: September 30, 2016Google Scholar
Anonymous (2016) PastureGard® HL herbicide label. Dow AgroSciences. http://www.cdms.net/ldat/ldA8B008.pdf. Accessed: September 30, 2016Google Scholar
Ball, DM, Hoveland, CS, Lacefield, GD (2015) Southern Forages. 5th edn. Peachtree Corners, GA: Potash & Phosphate Institute Google Scholar
Ball, DM, Lacefield, GD (2000) White clover. Circular 00-2. Oregon Clover Commission, Salem, OR. http://www.oregonclover.org/downloads/files/whiteclover.pdf. Accessed: August 15, 2017Google Scholar
Barta, AL (1982) Response of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and assimilate partitioning to potassium supply in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Crop Sci 22:89–92 Google Scholar
Bartolome, JW, Frost, WE, McDougald, NK, Connor, M (2002) California Guidelines for Residual Dry Matter (RDM) Management on Coastal and Foothill Annual Rangelands. Oakland, CA: University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 8092:16 pGoogle Scholar
Beck, PA, Stewart, CB, Phillips, JM, Watkins, KB, Gunter, SA (2007) Effect of species of cool-season annual grass interseeded into Bermudagrass sod on the performance of growing calves. J Anim Sci 85:536–544 Google Scholar
Beeler, JE, Rhodes, GN, Bates, GE, Main, CL, Mueller, TC (2004) Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) control in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and clover (Trifolium sp.) pastures with mixtures of 2,4-D and picloram. Weed Technol 18:1091–1095 Google Scholar
Biswell, HH (1956) Ecology of California grasslands. J Range Manage 9:19–24 Google Scholar
Blaser, RE, Brady, NC (1950) Nutrient competition in plant associations. Agron J 42:128–135 Google Scholar
Bukun, B, Shaner, DL, Nissen, SJ, Westra, P, Brunk, G (2010) Comparison of the interactions of aminopyralid vs. clopyralid with soil. Weed Sci 58:473–477 Google Scholar
DiTomaso, J (2000) Invasive weeds in rangelands: Species, impacts, and management. Weed Sci 48:255–265 Google Scholar
Enloe, SF, Ducar, JT, Dorough, H (2010) Weed control with aminocyclopyrachlor in Alabama pastures. Page 162 in Proceedings of the 63rd Southern Weed Science Society Meeting. Little Rock, AR: Southern Weed Science Society [Abstract]Google Scholar
Enloe, SF, Johnson, J, Renz, M, Dorough, H, Tucker, K (2014) Hairy buttercup control and white clover tolerance to pasture herbicides. Forage and Grazinglands, 12. doi: 10.2134/FG-2013-0013-RS Google Scholar
Evers, GW (2005) A guide to overseeding warm-season perennial grasses with cool-season annuals. Forage and Grazinglands, 3. doi: 10.1094/FG-2004-0614-01-MG Google Scholar
Fejer, SO (1959) Intraspecific competition as a factor in ryegrass breeding. New Zealand. J Agric Res 2:107–121 Google Scholar
Ferrell, JA, Sellers, BA, MacDonald, GE, Kline, WN (2009) Influence of herbicide and application timing on blackberry control. Weed Technol 23:531–534 Google Scholar
George, M, Bartolome, J, McDougald, N, Connor, M, Vaughn, C, Markegard, G (2001) Annual Range Forage Production. Oakland, CA: University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 8018:9 pGoogle Scholar
Gunter, SA, Whitworth, WA, Montgomery, TG, Beck, PA (2012) Cool-season annual pastures with clovers to supplement wintering beef cows nursing calves. J Anim Sci, 3. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-3-25 Google Scholar
Gustafson, DI (1989) Groundwater ubiquity score: a simple method for assessing pesticide leachability. Environ Toxicol Chem 8:339–357 Google Scholar
Harris, W (1972) Ryegrass genotype–environment interactions in response to density, cutting height, and competition with white clover. New Zealand. J Agric Res 16:207–222 Google Scholar
Heady, HF (1961) Continuous vs. specialized grazing systems: a review and application to the California annual type. J Range Manag 14:182–193 Google Scholar
Hoveland, CS, Anthony, WB, McGuire, JA, Starling, JG (1978) Beef cow–calf performance on coastal bermudagrass overseeded with winter annual clovers and grasses. Agron J 70:418–420 Google Scholar
Johnson, JM, Ball, DM (2013) Alabama Planting Guide for Forage Legumes. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. ANR-0150. http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-0150/ANR-0150.pdf. Accessed: August 15, 2017Google Scholar
Knight, WE (1985) Crimson clover. Agronomy Monograph. Clover Sci Technol 25:495–502 Google Scholar
Laird, AS, Miller, DK, Griffin, JL, Twidwell, EK, Alison, MW, Blouin, DC (2016) Residual effect of herbicides used in pastures on clover establishment and productivity. Weed Technol 30:929–936 Google Scholar
Lane, RA, Anderson, MJ (2016) Pasture herbicide residue effects on crimson and white clover. American Forage & Grassland Council Proceedings. http://www.afgc.org/proceedings/2016/LaneRobertSummaryAFGC2016.pdf. Accessed: August 1, 2016Google Scholar
Mikkelson, J, Lym, R (2011) Aminopyralid soil residues affect crop rotation in North Dakota soils. Weed Technol 25:422–429 Google Scholar
Payne, K, Sleugh, B, Bradley, K (2010) Impact of herbicides and application timing on weed control, yield, and nutritive value of tall fescue pastures and hayfields. Weed Technol 24:515–522 Google Scholar
Sellers, BA, Ferrell, JA, MacDonald, GE, Kline, WN (2009) Dogfennel (Eupatorium capillifolium) size at application affects herbicide efficacy. Weed Technol 23:247–250 Google Scholar
Senseman, SA, Hancock, HG, Wauchope, RD, Armburst, KL, Peters, TJ, Massey, JH, Johnson, DH, Reynolds, J, Lichtner, F, MacDonald, GE, Rushing, DW, Kitner, D, McLean, HS, Vencill, W (2007) Herbicide Handbook. 9th edn. Lawrence, KS: Weed Science Society of America. p 458 Google Scholar
Smith, GR (2010) History of crimson clover in the USA. Pages 125–128 in Proceedings of 7th International Herbage Conference, Dallas, TX, April 11–14. http://ihsg.agriscience.info/subsites/conference2010/documents/IHSC2010OralProceedings(24).pdf. Accessed: September 30, 2016Google Scholar
Stern, WR, Donald, CM (1962) Light relationships in grass-clover swards. Australian J Agric Res 13:599–614 Google Scholar
Thompson, RW, Fribourg, HA, Waller, JC, Sanders, WL, Reynolds, JH, Phillips, JM, Schmidt, SP, Crawford, RJ Jr, Allen, VG, Faulkner, DB, Hoveland, CS, Fontenot, JP, Carlisle, RJ, Hunter, PP (1993) Combined analysis of tall fescue steer grazing studies in the Eastern United States. J Anim Sci 71:1940–1946 Google Scholar
Trumble, HC, Shapter, RE (1937) The influence of nitrogen and phosphorus treatment on the yield and chemical composition of Wimmera ryegrass arid subterranean clover, grown separately and in association. Australia C.S.I.R. Bull 10.5:25–36 Google Scholar
Weil, RR, Brady, NC (2016) The Nature and Properties of Soils. 15th edn. New York: Pearson Education, Inc. P 374 Google Scholar