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Response of Seven Weed Species to Corn Gluten Meal and White Mustard (Sinapis alba) Seed Meal Rates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jialin Yu  and
Don W. Morishita
Jialin Yu
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, Kimberly Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, Kimberly, ID, 83841
Don W. Morishita*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, Kimberly Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, Kimberly, ID, 83841
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: don@uidaho.edu.
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Abstract

Corn gluten meal (CGM) and white mustard seed meal (MSM) can release biologically active allelochemicals and have been demonstrated to be useful as PRE alternative weed control products. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of CGM and MSM on the emergence and aboveground dry weight of five broadleaf and two grass weed species. Greenhouse experiments were conducted using 26 by 53 cm plastic trays filled with a mix of field soil and potting soil (4 : 1 by wt). CGM and MSM were mixed with 1.5 kg of soil mix and applied at rates equivalent to 2,240, 4,480, and 6,720 kg ha−1. Overall, MSM was more effective than CGM for controlling weeds. Averaged over application rates and compared to the nontreated control, emergence rates were 17, 27, and 34% for kochia, common lambsquarters, and barnyardgrass, respectively, in CGM-amended soil, and 14, 13, and 6% for kochia, common lambsquarters, and barnyardgrass, respectively, in MSM-amended soil. Averaged over application rates, green foxtail and common lambsquarters aboveground dry biomass were 40 and 25% of the nontreated control, respectively, in CGM-amended soil. Green foxtail and common lambsquarters shoot biomass in MSM-amended soil was 13 and 5% of the nontreated control, respectively. Significant interactions were observed for meal by rate on redroot pigweed seedling emergence and redroot pigweed, barnyardgrass (Moscow), and annual sowthistle (Moscow) aboveground dry biomass. These interactions can be attributed to the fact that herbicidal effects were less evident in response to higher application rates using MSM compared to higher CGM application rates. Overall, this greenhouse study indicates MSM is more effective than or at least equal to CGM for broadleaf and grass weed control at the same application rate.

La harina de gluten de maíz (CGM) y la harina de semilla de mostaza (MSM) pueden liberar aleloquímicos biológicamente activos y se ha demostrado su utilidad como productos alternativos para el control de malezas en preemergencia (PRE). El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los efectos de CGM y MSM sobre la emergencia y peso seco de tejido aéreo de cinco especies de malezas de hoja ancha y dos gramíneas. Se realizaron experimentos de invernadero usando bandejas plásticas de 26 por 53 cm llenas de una mezcla de suelo de campo y suelo para macetas (4:1 en peso). CGM y MSM fueron mezclados con 1.5 kg de mezcla de suelo y aplicados a dosis equivalentes a 2,240, 4,480, y 6,720 kg ha−1. En general, MSM fue más efectivo que CGM para el control de malezas. Al promediarse todas las dosis de aplicación y al compararse con el testigo sin tratamiento, las tasas de emergencia fueron 17, 27, y 34% para Kochia scoparia, Chenopodium album, y Echinochloa crus-galli, respectivamente, en suelos enmendados con CGM, y 14, 13, y 6% para K. scoparia, C. album, y E. crus-galli, respectivamente, en suelos enmendados con MSM. Al promediarse todas las dosis de aplicación, la biomasa seca del tejido aéreo de Setaria viridis y C. album fue 40 y 25% en comparación con el testigo sin tratamiento, respectivamente, en suelo enmendado con CGM. La biomasa del tejido aéreo de S. viridis y C. album en suelo enmendado con MSM fue 13 y 5% en comparación con el testigo, respectivamente. Se observaron interacciones significativas entre el tipo de harina y la dosis en la emergencia de plántulas de Amaranthus retroflexus, y en la biomasa seca de A. retroflexus, E. crus-galli (Moscow), y Sonchus oleraceus (Moscow). Estas interacciones pueden ser atribuidas al hecho de que los efectos herbicidas fueron menos evidentes en respuesta a las dosis más altas de aplicación de MSM al compararse con las dosis más altas de CGM. En general, estos estudios de invernadero indican que MSM es más efectivo o al menos igual de efectivo que CGM para el control de malezas de hoja ancha y gramíneas a la misma dosis de aplicación.

Keywords

Annual sowthistle, Sonchus oleraceus L.barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauvcommon lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L.green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauvkochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schradredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L.Russian-thistle, Salsola tragus L.corn, Zea mays L.white mustard, Sinapis alba L. ‘IdaGold’Bioherbicidescorn gluten mealmustard seed mealorganic weed control
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , March 2014 , pp. 259 - 265
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223

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