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Response of Walnuts to Simulated Drift Rates of Bispyribac-Sodium, Bensulfuron-Methyl, and Propanil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2018

Mariano F. Galla ,
Kassim Al-Khatib  and
Bradley D. Hanson
Mariano F. Galla
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Kassim Al-Khatib*
Affiliation:
Professor and Cooperative Extension Specialist, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Bradley D. Hanson
Affiliation:
Cooperative Extension Specialist, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Kassim Al-Khatib, Professor and Cooperative Extension Specialist, Department of Plant Sciences MS4, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616. (E-mail: kalkhatib@ucdavis.edu)
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Abstract

A field study was established to study symptoms, growth and yield of 2-year-old walnut trees exposure to simulated drift of several herbicides commonly used in rice production. Bispyribac-sodium, bensulfuron-methyl, and propanil were applied at four rates representing 0.5%, 1%, 3% and 10% of the normal use rate in rice (45, 70, and 6725 g ai ha−1, for the three herbicides respectively). Symptoms started to appear approximately 7 days after application (DAT) and peaked 28 DAT. At that time, bispyribac-sodium caused greater injury at low drift rates (6% and 15% visual injury for 0.5% and 1% rate, respectively) compared to bensulfuron-methyl and propanil. Bispyribac-sodium also appeared to slow walnut shoot elongation compared to nontreated trees; however, no yield reductions were observed either in the year after drift exposure. The effect of bispyribac-sodium simulated drift on the yield and nut quality in the year of drift exposure was evaluated in a separate study on 3-year-old walnut trees. While no yield or nut quality reductions were observed, a linear correlation between rate of bispyribac-sodium and color, an important quality factor, was found: higher herbicide rates tended to be associated with darker kernel color. Bispyribac-sodium may damage nearby walnut orchards if drifted at significant amounts. However, it is unlikely that in a field situation bispyribac-sodium would drift at high enough levels to cause the symptoms observed from the 10% use rates in this study.

Keywords

Prashant Jha, Montana State UniversityCrop injuryherbicide driftbispyribac-sodiumbensulfuron-methylpropanilrice, Oryza sativa L.walnut, Juglans regia L
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 32 , Issue 4 , August 2018 , pp. 410 - 415
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

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