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Response of Wine Grape Cultivars to Simulated Drift Rates of 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate, and 2,4-D or Dicamba Plus Glyphosate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Mohsen Mohseni-Moghadam ,
Scott Wolfe ,
Imed Dami  and
Douglas Doohan
Mohsen Mohseni-Moghadam
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, 1680 Madison Avenue, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
Scott Wolfe
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, 1680 Madison Avenue, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
Imed Dami
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, 1680 Madison Avenue, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
Douglas Doohan*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, 1680 Madison Avenue, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: doohan.1@osu.edu
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Abstract

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Greenhouse experiments were conducted at Wooster, OH, during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons to evaluate the responses of five wine grape cultivars to sublethal doses of 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate, and the ‘Riesling’ grape to mixtures of 2,4-D plus glyphosate and dicamba plus glyphosate. Treatments were made using a spray system calibrated to deliver 0.757 L min−1 at 276 kPa and 4.8 km h−1. Herbicides were delivered through 8002 flat spray nozzles and applied at 1/30, 1/100, and 1/300 of the recommended field rate of 840, 560, and 840 g ae ha−1 for 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate, respectively. Injury was observed in all treatments 7 d after treatment (DAT). However, injury symptoms greater than 10% were observed 42 DAT in plants treated with 2,4-D at all rates and plants treated with dicamba at the two highest rates. Injury (35%) at 357 DAT was noted only in plants treated with the highest rate of 2,4-D. French hybrids showed slightly less injury symptoms compared with wine grapes at 7 and 42 DAT. Shoot length reduction in plants treated with 2,4-D at the highest rate was 43, 84, and 16% at 7, 42, and 357 DAT, respectively. Glyphosate caused the fewest injury symptoms in Riesling compared with 2,4-D and dicamba when applied separately or tank mixed with glyphosate. Shoot length reduction in Riesling was observed 42 DAT with all rates of 2,4-D, with and without glyphosate and dicamba, and dicamba plus glyphosate at the highest rate; however, at 357 DAT, no effect was observed in shoot length. Spray drift of 2,4-D and dicamba can severely injure grapes, with injury increasing with increased exposure. The combination of 2,4-D plus glyphosate caused greater injury and shoot length reduction in grapes than glyphosate applied alone.

Experimentos de invernadero fueron realizados en Wooster, Ohio, durante las temporadas de crecimiento 2010 y 2011, para evaluar la respuesta de cinco cultivares de uva para vino a dosis subletales de 2,4-D, dicamba, y glyphosate, y de la uva ‘Riesling’ a mezclas de 2,4-D más glyphosate y dicamba más glyphosate. Los tratamientos fueron realizados usando un sistema de aspersión calibrado para liberar 0.757 L min−1 a 276 kPa y 4.8 km h−1. Los herbicidas fueron asperjados mediante una boquilla de abanico plana 8002 a 1/30, 1/100, y 1/300 de las dosis recomendadas de campo de 840, 560, y 840 g ae ha−1 para 2,4-D, dicamba, y glyphosate, respectivamente. Se observó daño en todos los tratamientos 7 d después del tratamiento (DAT). Sin embargo, los síntomas de daño superiores a 10% fueron observados 42 DAT en plantas tratadas con 2,4-D con todas las dosis y plantas tratadas con dicamba con las dos dosis más altas. El daño (35%) 357 DAT se notó solamente en plantas tratadas con la dosis más alta de 2,4-D. Los híbridos franceses mostraron síntomas de daño ligeramente menores al compararse con uvas para vino a 7 y 42 DAT. La reducción en la longitud de la parte aérea de plantas tratadas con 2,4-D a la dosis más alta fue 43, 84, y 16% a 7, 42, y 357 DAT. Glyphosate causó el menor número de síntomas de daño en Riesling al compararse con 2,4-D y dicamba cuando fueron aplicados separadamente o mezclados en tanque con glyphosate. La reducción en la longitud de la parte aérea en Riesling se observó 42 DAT con todas las dosis de 2,4-D, con y sin glyphosate y dicamba, y dicamba más glyphosate con la dosis más alta. Sin embargo, a 357 DAT, no se observó ningún efecto en la longitud de la parte aérea. Deriva de aspersión de 2,4-D y dicamba puede dañar severamente la vid, con daños aumentando al incrementarse la exposición. La combinación de 2,4-D más glyphosate causó mayor daño y mayor reducción en la longitud de la parte aérea de la vid que el glyphosate aplicado solo.

Keywords

2,4-Ddicambaglyphosatewine grape, Vitis vinifera L. ‘Riesling’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Chardonel’, ‘Traminette’, ‘Vidal blanc’Crop injuryherbicide drift
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 3 , September 2016 , pp. 807 - 814
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Jeffrey Derr, Virginia Tech.

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