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Safening of Native Grass to Herbicides by Using Carbon Bands

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

W. James Grichar ,
John Lloyd-Reilley ,
Jeff Rahmes ,
W. R. Ocumpaugh  and
Jamie L. Foster
W. James Grichar*
Affiliation:
Texas AgriLife Research, Beeville, TX 78102
John Lloyd-Reilley
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, Kika de la Garza Plant Materials Center, Kingsville, TX 78363
Jeff Rahmes
Affiliation:
Texas AgriLife Research, Beeville, TX 78102
W. R. Ocumpaugh
Affiliation:
Texas AgriLife Research, Beeville, TX 78102
Jamie L. Foster
Affiliation:
Texas AgriLife Research, Beeville, TX 78102
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: w-grichar@tamu.edu
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Abstract

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of a carbon band to provide a “safe zone” for seedling emergence and growth of three native grass species. ‘KIKA677’ streambed bristlegrass germplasm, ‘Alamo’ switchgrass, and ‘Waelder’ shortspike windmillgrass germplasm were used in combination with several PRE- and POST-applied herbicides including cloransulam, flumioxazin, imazapic, imazethapyr, and 2,4-D. In a greenhouse experiment, switchgrass emergence was improved when a carbon band was used with imazapic or imazethapyr at 0.04 and 0.07 kg ai ha−1 or 2,4-D at 2.12 kg ae ha−1. Windmillgrass emergence was improved when carbon was used in combination with flumioxazin at 0.05 and 0.1 kg ai ha−1, imazapic at 0.04 and 0.07 kg ha−1, imazethapyr at 0.07 kg ha−1, and 2,4-D at 1.06 kg ha−1, whereas bristlegrass emergence was improved when carbon was used in combination with flumioxazin at 0.1 kg ai ha−1, imazapic at both rates, and imazethapyr at 0.04 kg ha−1. Field studies indicated that flumioxazin at 0.05 and 0.1 kg ha−1, imazapic at 0.04 kg ha−1, and imazethapyr at 0.04 and 0.07 kg ha−1, were safened for bristlegrass and switchgrass emergence when used with carbon. Windmillgrass emergence and growth were improved when carbon was used in combination with flumioxazin at 0.1 kg ha−1.

Se realizaron experimentos de invernadero y de campo para evaluar el uso de una banda de carbón activado para propiciar una ‘zona segura’ para la emergencia de plántulas y el crecimiento de tres especies de zacate nativas. El germoplasma ‘KIKA677’ de Setaria leucopila, ‘Alamo’ de Panicum virgatum, y ‘Waelder’ de Chloris subdolichostachya fueron usados en combinación con varios herbicidas aplicados PRE y POST incluyendo cloransulam, flumioxazin, imazapic, imazethapyr y 2,4-D. En un experimento de invernadero, la emergencia de P. virgatum mejoró cuando se usó una banda de carbón con imazapic o imazethapyr a 0.04 y 0.07 kg ha−1 o 2,4-D a 2.12 kg ha−1. La emergencia de C. subdolichostachya fue mejorada cuando se usó carbón en combinación con flumioxazin a 0.05 y 0.1 kg ha−1, imazapic a 0.04 y 0.07 kg ha−1, imazethapyr a 0.07 kg ha−1 y 2,4-D a 1.06 kg ha−1; mientras la emergencia de S. leucopila mejoró cuando se usó carbón en combinación con flumioxazin a 0.1 kg ha−1, imazapic a ambas dosis e imazethapyr a 0.04 kg ha−1. Estudios de campo indicaron que flumioxazin a 0.05 y 0.1 kg ha−1, imazapic a 0.04 kg ha−1 e imazethapyr a 0.04 y 0.07 kg ha−1 fueron seguros para la emergencia de S. leucopila y P. virgatum cuando se usaron con carbón. La emergencia y crecimiento de C. subdolichostachya mejoraron cuando el carbón fue usado en combinación con flumioxazin a 0.1 kg ha−1.

Keywords

Cloransulam2,4-Dflumioxazinimazapicimazethapyrswitchgrass, Panicum virgatum L. ‘Alamo’streambed bristlegrass, Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) K. Schum. ‘KIKA677’shortspike windmillgrass, Chloris subdolichostachya Nash ‘Waelder’Native grass toleranceweed management
Type
Weed Management—Techniques
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , September 2012 , pp. 499 - 505
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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