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Seedling Emergence and Establishment of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Turfgrasses of Traditional and Creeping Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Roberta Masin  and
Stefano Macolino
Roberta Masin*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
Stefano Macolino
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: roberta.masin@unipd.it.
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Abstract

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Annual bluegrass is a cosmopolitan, cool-season grass that adapts to different environmental conditions. It is one of the main weeds of turfgrass, and its control is mainly achieved through chemical and cultural practices, although little importance is given to the competitive ability of turfgrass species or cultivars. A field study was performed in northeastern Italy from October 2012 to June 2014 to evaluate the competitive ability of selected perennial ryegrass cultivars to suppress emergence and establishment of annual bluegrass seedlings. Two creeping perennial ryegrasses (‘CSI' and ‘PPG-PR171’) and two traditional cultivars (‘Azimuth' and ‘Presidio') were compared. In late autumn in both years, annual bluegrass was sown in a marked area (30 cm by 30 cm) in the turfgrass. Emerged seedlings were counted weekly, and emergence dynamics were modeled. In the second year, final density of annual bluegrass allowed to grow in turfgrass was also evaluated in summer. Results showed that both seedling emergence and density of annual bluegrass were significantly reduced by creeping perennial cultivars, supporting the hypothesis that these cultivars may reduce annual bluegrass establishment in turfgrass. Seedling emergence pattern of annual bluegrass did not differ in creeping and traditional cultivars of perennial ryegrass, suggesting the possibility of creating a general emergence model suitable in any turfgrass to help turfgrass managers in the control of this weed species.

Poa annua es una gramínea de clima frío cosmopolita que se adapta a diferentes condiciones ambientales. Es una de la malezas más importantes en céspedes, y su control se alcanza principalmente mediante prácticas químicas y culturales, ya que se le da poca importancia a la habilidad de competencia de las especies y cultivares de céspedes. Se realizó un estudio de campo en el noreste de Italia desde Octubre 2012 a Junio 2014 para evaluar la habilidad de competencia de cultivares de Lolium perenne seleccionados para suprimir la emergencia y el establecimiento de plántulas de P. annua. Se comparó dos cultivares con propagación vegetativa (producción de tallos laterales) de L. perenne (‘CSI' y ‘PPG-PR171’) y dos cultivares tradicionales (‘Azimuth' y ‘Presidio'). Al final del otoño en ambos años, se sembró P. annua en un área marcada (30 cm por 30 cm) en el césped. Las plántulas emergidas fueron contadas semanalmente, y las dinámicas de emergencia fueron modeladas. En el segundo año, la densidad final de P. annua que creció en el césped fue también evaluada en el verano. Los resultados mostraron que tanto la emergencia de plántulas como la densidad de P. annua fueron significativamente reducidas por los cultivares con reproducción vegetativa, lo que apoya la hipótesis de que estos cultivares podrían reducir el establecimiento de P. annua en céspedes. El patrón de emergencia de P. annua no difirió entre los cultivares de L. perenne con propagación vegetativa y los tradicionales, lo que sugiere la posibilidad de que se puede crear un modelo de emergencia general válido en cualquier césped para ayudar a los profesionales en céspedes en el control de esta especie de maleza.

Keywords

Annual bluegrass, Poa annua L. POAANperennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L.Competitionemergence modelinggrass weedsplant densityplant morphology
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 238 - 245
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Barry Brecke, University of Florida

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