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Selective Herbicides for Bald Cypress Restoration and Cultivation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Anna Osiecka  and
Patrick J. Minogue
Anna Osiecka*
Affiliation:
North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351
Patrick J. Minogue
Affiliation:
North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL 32351
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: aosiecka@ufl.edu
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Abstract

Studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate herbicides having both PRE and POST activity for selective weed control in bald cypress plantings. Five herbicides were applied at two or three rates at two different timings. The first timing was to dormant seedlings without foliage and prior to weed emergence (i.e., PRE). The second timing was to foliated seedlings with established weed seedlings present (i.e., POST). Herbicide treatments included aminopyralid at 70 and 120 g ae ha−1, hexazinone at 420 and 560 g ai ha−1, imazapyr at 140 and 210 g ae ha−1, sulfometuron methyl at 110, 160, and 210 g ai ha−1, and flumioxazin at 290 and 430 g ai ha−1. Herbicide rate had little effect on vegetation control. PRE-applied sulfometuron methyl was most effective, providing nearly complete control of graminoids and broadleaves at 60 d after treatment (DAT). POST-applied treatments were generally less effective, though in the 2008 study imazapyr and sulfometuron methyl resulted in approximately 60% bare ground at 60 DAT. Growth of bald cypress seedlings was enhanced by both PRE- and POST-applied sulfometuron methyl, flumioxazin, or hexazinone and by PRE imazapyr. The best bald cypress growth response followed POST-applied sulfometuron methyl at 210 g ha−1, which resulted in 63 cm3 mean volume index, more than fivefold greater than the nontreated check. Aminopyralid caused severe and lasting seedling injury. POST-applied imazapyr resulted in fasciculation and no growth benefit, despite providing the most efficacious weed control among POST treatments. Survival and growth of bald cypress can be greatly enhanced with a single selective herbicide treatment using sulfometuron methyl, flumioxazin, or hexazinone applied before or following foliation in the spring.

En 2007 y 2008, se realizaron estudios para evaluar herbicidas con actividad PRE y POST para el control selectivo de malezas en plantaciones de Taxodium distichum. Cinco herbicidas fueron aplicados a dos o tres dosis y en dos momentos diferentes. El primer momento fue cuando las plántulas estaban latentes sin follaje y antes de la emergencia de malezas (i.e. PRE). El segundo momento fue cuando las plántulas tenían follaje y había plántulas de malezas establecidas (i.e. POST). Los tratamientos de herbicidas incluyeron aminopyralid a 70 y 120 g ae ha−1, hexazinone a 420 y 560 g ai ha−1, imazapyr a 140 y 210 g ae ha−1, sulfometuron methyl a 110, 160 y 210 h ai ha−1, y flumioxazin a 290 y 430 g ai ha−1. La dosis de herbicida tuvo poco efecto sobre el control de la vegetación. Sulfometuron methyl aplicado PRE fue el más efectivo alcanzando cerca de un control completo de graminoides y hojas anchas a 60 días después del tratamiento (DAT). Tratamientos aplicados POST fueron generalmente menos efectivos, aunque en el experimento del 2008, imazapyr y sulfometuron methyl resultaron en aproximadamente 60% de suelo desnudo a 60 DAT. El crecimiento de T. distichum fue mejorado por las aplicaciones de sulfometuron methyl, flumioxazin o hexazinone en aplicaciones PRE y POST y de imazapyr PRE. La mejor respuesta en crecimiento de T. distichum se dio después de la aplicación POST de sulfometuron methyl a 210 g ha−1, la cual resultó en un índice de volumen promedio de 64 cm3, el cual fue más de cinco veces mayor que el tratamiento testigo no tratado. El aminopyralid causó daños severos y prolongados en las plántulas. Imazapyr aplicado POST resultó en crecimiento limitado y anormal (entrenudos cortos y ramificación) a pesar de proveer el control de malezas más eficaz entre los tratamientos POST. El crecimiento y supervivencia de T. distichum puede ser ampliamente mejorado con aplicaciones individuales de herbicidas usando sulfometuron methyl, flumioxazin o hexazinone antes o inmediatamente después de la producción de follaje en la primavera.

Keywords

Aminopyralidflumioxazinhexazinoneimazapyrsulfometuron methylbald cypress, Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich var. distichumAfforestationherbicide injurypostemergencepreemergencereforestationvegetation controlweed control
Type
Weed Management—Other Crops/AREAS
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , September 2012 , pp. 460 - 468
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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