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Silage corn yield is reduced by burcucumber competition and drought in New York State

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 October 2021

Kristine M. Averill Open the ORCID record for Kristine M. Averill [Opens in a new window] ,
Anna S. Westbrook Open the ORCID record for Anna S. Westbrook [Opens in a new window] ,
Scott H. Morris ,
Emma Kubinski  and
Antonio DiTommaso Open the ORCID record for Antonio DiTommaso [Opens in a new window]
Kristine M. Averill
Affiliation:
Research Associate, Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Anna S. Westbrook
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Scott H. Morris
Affiliation:
Research Technician, Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Emma Kubinski
Affiliation:
Research Assistant, Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Antonio DiTommaso*
Affiliation:
Professor, Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Antonio DiTommaso, 903 Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Email: ad97@cornell.edu
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Abstract

Drought stress and weed competition are two of the most important threats to corn production in the northeastern United States. Both pressures have the potential to worsen under climate change. In a 2-yr field study in Ithaca, NY, we tested the effects of drought and burcucumber, an increasingly problematic annual vine, on silage corn. Burcucumber seedlings were transplanted into corn rows at densities of 0, 0.5, 2, and 3 plants m−2 and a drought treatment was later imposed with rainout shelters constructed from steel frames and high-clarity plastic. Available soil moisture was lower in drought plots (47% ± 1% in 2018 and 52% ± 2% in 2019) than no-drought plots (69% ± 1% in 2018 and 68% ± 1% in 2019). Burcucumber planting density (P = 0.008) reduced fresh silage yield. Drought also reduced fresh silage yield (P < 0.001) with a drought-by-year interaction (P = 0.007): drought reduced fresh weight by 29% in 2018 (48,000 ± 2,000 kg ha−1 to 34,000 ± 3,000 kg ha−1) and by 9% in 2019 (38,000 ± 3,000 kg ha−1 to 34,000 ± 3,000 kg ha−1). Burcucumber planting density and drought did not interact. Overall, our findings indicate that drought and competition from burcucumber may have additive effects on silage corn in New York State. Regardless of water availability, active weed management is required to prevent yield losses due to burcucumber. Yield losses may be similar or greater in grain corn and might increase under climate change.

Keywords

burcucumberSicyos angulatus LcornZea mays LAnnual vineclimate changeCucurbitaceaeintegrated weed managementrainout sheltersoil moisture deficitweed-crop competition
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 36 , Issue 1 , February 2022 , pp. 86 - 92
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Aaron Hager, University of Illinois

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