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Soil pH and Cation Exchange Capacity Affects Sunflower Tolerance to Sulfentrazone

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Gregory W. Kerr ,
Phillip W. Stahlman  and
J. Anita Dille
Gregory W. Kerr
Affiliation:
Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center–Hays, 1232 240th Avenue, Hays, KS 67601
Phillip W. Stahlman*
Affiliation:
Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center–Hays, 1232 240th Avenue, Hays, KS 67601
J. Anita Dille
Affiliation:
Kansas State University, Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: stahlman@ksu.edu
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Abstract

Effects of soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) on sunflower tolerance to sulfentrazone were investigated in a greenhouse study. Variables were soil pH (7.0, 7.3, 7.5, and 7.8), soil CEC (8.2, 13.7, 18.4, and 23.3 cmol/kg), and sulfentrazone rate (0, 105, 158, and 184 g ai/ha). Sulfentrazone-induced leaf chlorosis was affected by soil pH at 12 d after planting (DAP), but plants recovered, and earlier differences were not visible 9 d later. At 12 DAP, leaf chlorosis was 3 or 4% more severe in soils with pH 7.3 or higher compared with soils with pH 7.0 when averaged over both sulfentrazone rate and soil CEC. Leaf chlorosis resulting from sulfentrazone rates of 105, 158, and 184 g/ha was 17, 25, and 35% less at 23 cmol/kg than at 8.2 cmol/kg, respectively. Differences in chlorosis among sulfentrazone rates were greatest in soil with low CEC and lessened as soil CEC increased. Plants regained normal color over time, and newly emerging leaves were not affected. However, plant dry weights were reduced when sulfentrazone rate was ≥158 g/ha. Averaged over sulfentrazone rate and soil pH, sunflower dry weights were less when soil CEC was 8.2 compared with a CEC of 13.7 cmol/kg or higher, indicating a greater response at low CEC. Sunflower plant dry matter was not different in sulfentrazone-treated soil with a CEC above 13.7 cmol/kg. At the ranges tested, soil CEC had a considerably greater effect than did pH on sunflower tolerance to sulfentrazone.

Keywords

Sulfentrazonesunflower, Helianthus annuus L. ‘Triumph 562’Bioactivitychlorosiscrop injurysoil factorsCEC, cation exchange capacityDAP, days after plantingOM, organic matter
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 18 , Issue 2 , June 2004 , pp. 243 - 247
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

∗ Publication 03-255-J Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series.

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