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Soybean and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) growth in monoculture and mixture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 March 2019

Ethann R. Barnes Open the ORCID record for Ethann R. Barnes [Opens in a new window] ,
Amit J. Jhala Open the ORCID record for Amit J. Jhala [Opens in a new window] ,
Stevan Z. Knezevic ,
Peter H. Sikkema  and
John L. Lindquist
Ethann R. Barnes*
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
Amit J. Jhala
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
Stevan Z. Knezevic
Affiliation:
Professor, Northeast Research and Extension Center, Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Concord, NE, USA
Peter H. Sikkema
Affiliation:
Professor, University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, ON, Canada
John L. Lindquist
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
*
Authors for correspondence: Ethann R. Barnes, Email: ethann.barnes@unl.edu and John L. Lindquist, Email: jlindquist1@unl.edu
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Abstract

Understanding how plants alter their growth in response to interplant competition is an overlooked but complex problem. Previous studies have characterized the effect of light and water stress on soybean or common ragweed growth in monoculture, but no study has characterized soybean and common ragweed growth in mixture. A field study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln to characterize the growth response of soybean and common ragweed with different irrigation levels and intraspecific and interspecific interference. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with irrigation level (0, 50%, 100% replacement of simulated evapotranspiration) as the main plot and common ragweed density (0, 2, 6, 12 plants m−1 row) as the subplot. Crop- and weed-free controls and three mixture treatments were included as subplots. Periodic destructive samples of leaf area and biomass of different organ groups were collected, and leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass partitioning, specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf area ratio (LAR) were calculated. Additionally, soybean and common ragweed yield were harvested, and 100-seed weight and seed production were determined. Soybean did not alter biomass partitioning, SLA, or LAR in mixture with common ragweed. Soybean LAI, biomass, and seed size were affected by increasing common ragweed density. Conversely, common ragweed partitioned less new biomass to leaves and increased SLA in response to increased interference. Common ragweed LAI, biomass, and seed number were reduced by the presence of soybean and increasing common ragweed density; however, seed weight was not affected. Results show that adjustment in biomass partitioning, SLA, and LAR is not the method that soybean uses to remain plastic under competition for light. Common ragweed demonstrated plasticity in both biomass partitioning and SLA, indicating an ability to maintain productivity under intra- and inter-specific competition for light or soil resources.

Keywords

Aaron Hager, University of IllinoisCommon ragweedAmbrosia artemisiifolia L.soybeanGlycine max L. Merr.Aboveground biomassbiomass partitioningleaf area indexleaf area ratiospecific leaf area
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , June 2019 , pp. 481 - 489
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

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