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Spray Volume, Formulation, Ammonium Sulfate, and Nozzle Effects on Glyphosate Efficacy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Bradford K. Ramsdale ,
Calvin G. Messersmith  and
John D. Nalewaja
Bradford K. Ramsdale*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
Calvin G. Messersmith
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
John D. Nalewaja
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: brad.ramsdale@ndsu.nodak.edu
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Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to examine the influence of spray volume on glyphosate efficacy in relation to glyphosate rate, formulation, ammonium sulfate addition, and type of sprayer nozzle. Using several grass species it was shown that glyphosate efficacy increased as spray volume decreased from 190 to 23 L/ha. To obtain equal efficacy, glyphosate rates can be reduced by at least one-third when glyphosate is applied in 23 or 47 L/ha spray volume compared with 94 or 190 L/ha. The amount of surfactant in formulated glyphosate at 35 to 140 g ae/ha rates was insufficient when glyphosate was applied in 94 or 190 L/ha spray volumes. Additional surfactant enhanced glyphosate efficacy at these rates when applied in 94 or 190 L/ha spray volume, but efficacy was still less than when applied in 23 or 47 L/ha without additional surfactant. Thus, low spray volumes maximized glyphosate efficacy primarily through high herbicide concentration in the spray deposit and reduced salts from the carrier to antagonize efficacy. Glyphosate applied in 23 L/ha spray volume with drift-reducing nozzles provided control equal to that provided by glyphosate applied with standard flat-fan nozzles. Grass control also was equal from several glyphosate formulations that contained surfactants, regardless of spray volume.

Keywords

GlyphosateAdjuvantapplication methodsspray depositspray dropletAMS, ammonium sulfateDAT, days after treatmentNIS, nonionic surfactant
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 17 , Issue 3 , September 2003 , pp. 589 - 598
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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