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Surfactant-Enhanced Control of Two Erythroxylum Species by Glyphosate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ronald T. Collins  and
Charles S. Helling
Ronald T. Collins*
Affiliation:
Alternate Crops and Systems Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705
Charles S. Helling
Affiliation:
Alternate Crops and Systems Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: rcollins@asrr.arsusda.gov
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Abstract

Glyphosate is the only herbicide used for controlling illicit coca (Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense), a source of cocaine. Because commercially available formulations of glyphosate were inconsistent in controlling coca, research was conducted in a large-scale aerial eradication program, greenhouse (in Maryland) and field (Hawaii), to develop more effective control systems. Sixteen surfactants (cationic, nonionic, or mixed) were tested with two commercial glyphosate herbicide formulations, in aqueous or oil-based carrier systems, for coca control. Ultimately, two glyphosate–surfactant systems (COC/OSI-U [a mixture of crop-oil concentrate, Agri-Dex® and organosilicone, Silwet L-77®] and CAT/ANA [cationic surfactant/anionic surfactant, Optima®]) were found that increased glyphosate phytotoxicity fourfold: 1.1 kg ae/ha of glyphosate + surfactant was equivalent to 4.4 kg ae/ha glyphosate without added surfactant, for both species. In consequence, the glyphosate mixture used in Colombia for coca eradication was modified with substantially improved results.

Keywords

Glyphosatecoca, selected taxa of the genus Erythroxylum, especially E. coca var. coca Lam, E. novogranatense var. novogranatense (Morris) Hieron, E. coca var. ipadu Plowman, and E. novogranatense var. truxillense (Rusby) PlowmanAdjuvantscoca controlherbicide carrier systemherbicide efficacynarcotic plantssurfactantsANA, anionic surfactantCAT, cationic surfactantCOC, crop-oil concentrateECC, E. coca var. cocaECI, E. coca var. ipaduENN, E. novogranatense var. novogranatenseENT, E. novogranatense var. truxillenseGly, glyphosate (isopropylamine salt)MSO, methylated seed oilNIS, nonionic surfactantOSI, organosilicone surfactantVO, vegetable oil
Type
Commentary
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 16 , Issue 4 , December 2002 , pp. 851 - 859
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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