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Wheat, Field Pea, and Canola Response to Glyphosate and AMPA Soil Residues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2017

Robert E. Blackshaw  and
K. Neil Harker
Robert E. Blackshaw*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J4B1
K. Neil Harker
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L1W1
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: robert.blackshaw@agr.gc.ca
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Abstract

The tripling of glyphosate use in the Canadian prairies during the past decade has raised concerns over the possible accumulation of glyphosate and its main metabolite AMPA in soil over time and whether there could be any detrimental effects on crop production. A controlled environment study was conducted at two locations in Alberta, Canada, to determine glyphosate and AMPA soil concentrations that would injure wheat, field pea, and canola. Treatments included glyphosate acid or AMPA applied at 0, 10, 25, 100, 250, and 500 mg kg−1 soil. Shoot and root biomass determinations 8 wk after emergence (WAE) indicated that shoot and root biomass of all crops progressively declined with increasing soil concentrations of glyphosate at both locations. In contrast, AMPA reduced crop shoot and root biomass at only one of two sites. Estimated soil concentrations of glyphosate causing 20% reductions in shoot and root biomass ranged from 80 to 190, 90 to 350, and 120 to 320 mg kg−1 for field pea, canola, and wheat, respectively. Soil concentrations of AMPA causing 20% crop biomass reductions ranged from 40 to 70, 20 to 30, and 80 to 120 mg kg−1 for field pea, canola, and wheat, respectively. Although substantial crop injury occurred in this study, it must be noted that these rates are very high in terms of field application rates that would be required to achieve these soil concentrations. Doses causing crop injury would convert to estimated glyphosate field rates ranging from 17.6 to 77 kg ha−1. Overall results indicate that even with frequent high-dose glyphosate applications over several years, the likelihood of wheat, field pea, and canola injury from soil residues is low. Nevertheless, there may be merit in greater monitoring of glyphosate and AMPA soil residues in cropping systems with high glyphosate utilization over a long time period.

El que se haya triplicado el uso de glyphosate en las praderas canadienses durante la década pasada ha incrementado la preocupación por la posible acumulación de glyphosate y su principal metabolito AMPA en el suelo a lo largo del tiempo y por la posibilidad de que haya efectos negativos sobre la producción de cultivos. Se realizó un estudio en ambiente controlado en dos localidades en Alberta, Canada, para determinar las concentraciones en el suelo de glyphosate y AMPA que podrían dañar al trigo, al guisante, y a la colza. Los tratamientos incluyeron glyphosate ácido o AMPA aplicados a 0, 10, 25, 100, 250, y 500 mg kg−1 de suelo. Determinaciones de biomasa de tejido aéreo y de raíz a 8 semanas después de la emergencia (WAE) indicaron que las biomasa de la parte aérea y de la raíz de todos los cultivos declinó progresivamente al aumentarse las concentraciones de glyphosate en ambas localidades. En contraste, AMPA redujo la biomasa aérea y de raíz den solamente en uno de los dos sitios. Las concentraciones de glyphosate en el suelo estimadas que causaron reducciones del 20% en la biomasa de la parte aérea y la raíz variaron de 80 a 190, 90 a 350, y 120 a 320 mg kg−1 para el guisante, la colza, y el trigo, respectivamente. Las concentraciones de AMPA en el suelo que causaron reducciones del 20% en la biomasa del cultivo variaron de 40 a 70, 20 a 30, y 80 a 120 mg kg−1 para el guisante, la colza, y el trigo, respectivamente. Aunque en este estudio ocurrió un daño sustancial al cultivo, se debe notar que estas dosis son muy altas en términos de las dosis de aplicación de campo requeridas para alcanzar estas concentraciones en el suelo. Las dosis que causan daño al cultivo se convertirían en dosis estimadas de campo de glyphosate que variarían entre 17,6 y 77 kg ha−1. En general, los resultados indican que inclusive con aplicaciones frecuentes de dosis altas de glyphosate durante varios años, la probabilidad de que ocurran daños al trigo, el guisante, y la colza producto de residuos en el suelo es baja. Sin embargo, puede haber suficiente mérito en realizar un mayor monitoreo de los residuos en el suelo de glyphosate y AMPA en sistemas de cultivos con una alta utilización de glyphosate durante un largo período de tiempo.

Keywords

AMPA, aminomethylphosphonic acidglyphosate, N (phosphonomethyl)glycinecanola, Brassica napus L. ‘InVigor L150’pea, Pisum sativum L. ‘AC Meadow’wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘AC Lillian’Crop injuryglyphosate soil residueherbicide soil residues
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , December 2016 , pp. 985 - 991
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Prashant Jha, Montana State University.

References

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