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The Social Origins of Institutional Weakness and Change: Preferences, Power, and Police Reform in Latin America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2018

Yanilda González
Yanilda González*
Affiliation:
School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, email: yanilda@uchicago.edu
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Abstract

Despite historic increases in crime and violence, Latin America’s police forces are characterized by long periods of institutional weakness punctuated by rare, sweeping reforms. To understand these patterns of institutional continuity and change, the author applies the concept of structural power, demonstrating how police leverage their control of coercion to constrain the policy options available to politicians. Within this constrained policy space, politicians choosing between continuity and reform assess societal preferences for police reform and patterns of political competition. Under fragmented societal preferences, irrespective of political competition, reform brings little electoral gain and risks alienating a powerful bureaucracy. Preference fragmentation thus favors the persistence of institutional weakness. When societal preferences converge and a robust political opposition threatens incumbents, politicians face an electoral counterweight to the structural power of police, making reform likely. Using evidence from periods of continuity and reform in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia, the author traces both outcomes to shifts in societal preferences and political opposition. Despite the imperative to address citizens’ demands by building state capacity in security provision, these cases show that police reform is often rendered electorally disadvantageous.

Keywords

bureaucracyinstitutional changeLatin Americapolicereformstate-society relations
Type
Research Article
Information
World Politics , Volume 71 , Issue 1 , January 2019 , pp. 44 - 87
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of Princeton University 2018 

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